1887

Abstract

Summary

crude toxins and purified toxin A had similar effects on stripped rabbit ileal mucosa in Ussing chambers. Both toxin preparations caused secretion of sodium and chloride ions by increasing serosa to mucosa (s→m) fluxes. Transmural potential difference and resistance decreased after toxin treatment. Onset of changes in electrical measurements and ion fluxes coincided with onset of histological changes. The response to theophylline was greatly reduced in toxintreated tissue compared with control tissue.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-23-3-199
1987-05-01
2024-04-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/23/3/medmicro-23-3-199.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-23-3-199&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Banno Y., Kobayashi T., Kono H., Watanabe K., Ueno K., Nozawa Y. 1984; Biochemical characterization and biologic actions of two toxins (D-l and D-2) from Clostridium difficile. Reviews of Infectious Diseases 6: Suppl SI1–S20
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Bartlett J. G., Moon N., Chang T. W., Taylor N. S., Onderdonk A. B. 1978; Role of Clostridium difficile in antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis. Gastroenterology 75:778–782
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Donowitz M., Keusch G. T., Binder H. J. 1975; Effect of Shigella enterotoxin on electrolyte transport in rabbit ileum. Gastro enterology 69:1230–1237
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Field M., Fromm D., Awqati Q., Greenough W. B. 1972; Effect of cholera enterotoxin on ion transport across isolated ileal mucosa. Journal of Clinical Investigation 51:796–804
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Frizzell R. A., Schultz S. G. 1972; Ionic conductances of extracellular shunt pathway in rabbit ileum. Influence of shunt on transmural sodium transport and electrical potential differences. Journal of General Physiology 59:318–346
    [Google Scholar]
  6. George R. H. 1978; Identification of Clostridium difficile as a cause of pseudomembranous colitis. British Medical Journal 1:695
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Hughes S., Warhurst G., Turnberg L. A., Higgs N. B., Giugliano L. G., Drasar B. S. 1983; Clostridium difficile toxin-induced intestinal secretion in rabbit ileum invitro. Gut 24:94–98
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Isaacs Corbett C. L., Riley A. K., Hawker P. C., Turnberg L. A. 1976; In-vitro behaviour of human intestinal mucosa. The influence of acetylcholine on ion transport. Journal of Clinical Investigation 58:535–542
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Ketley J. M., Mitchell T. J., Candy D. C. A., Burdon D. W., Stephen J. 1987; The effects of Clostridium difficile crude toxins and toxin A on ileal and colonic loops in immune and nonimmune rabbits. Journal of Medical Microbiology 23:199–204
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Lonnroth I., Lange S. 1983; Toxin A of Clostridium difficile: production, purification and effect in mouse intestine. Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica B91:395–400
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Lyerly D. M., Saum K. E., MacDonald D. K., Wilkins T. D. 1985; Effects of Clostridium difficile toxins given intragastrically to animals. Infection and Immunity 47:349–352
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Lyerly D. M., Wilkins T. D. 1986; Commercial latex test for Clostridium difficile Toxin A does not detect toxin A. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 23:622–623
    [Google Scholar]
  13. McDonel J. L. 1974; In Vivo effects of Clostridium perfringens enteropathogenic factors on the rat ileum. Infection and Immunity 10:1156–1162
    [Google Scholar]
  14. McDonel J. L., Asano T. 1975; Analysis of unidirectional fluxes of sodium during diarrhea induced by Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in the rat terminal ileum. Infection and Immunity 11:526–529
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Mitchell T. J. 1986; The effect of toxin A and toxin B of Clostridium difficile on rabbit ileum and colon. Gut 27:78–85
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Mitchell T. J., Ketley J. M., Burdon D. W., Candy D. C. A., Stephen J. 1987a; The effects of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B on membrane integrity and protein synthesis in intestinal cells in vivo and invitro and in McCoy cells invitro. Journal of Medical Microbiology 23:199–204
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Mitchell T. J., Ketley J. M., Burdon D. W., Candy D. C. A., Stephen J. 1987b; Biological mode of action of Clostridium difficile toxin A: a novel enterotoxin. Journal of Medical Microbiology 23:199–204
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Mogg G. A. G. 1979; Antibiotic-associated colitis—a review of 66 cases. British Journal of Surgery 66:738–742
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Redmond S. C., Ketley J. M., Mitchell T. J., Stephen J., Burdon D. W., Candy D. C. A. 1985; Detection of Clostridiumdifficile enterotoxin. In Collins C. H., Grange J. M. (eds) Isolation and identification of micro-organisms of medical and veterinary importance (Society of Applied Bacteriology, Symposium Series no. 21) Academic Press; London: pp 237–250
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Schultz S. G., Zalusky R. 1964; Ion transport in isolated rabbit ileum. I. Short circuit current and Na fluxes. Journal of General Physiology 47:567–584
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Stephen J. 1984; Clostridium difficile enterotoxin (toxin A): new results. Biochemical Society Transactions 12:194–195
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Taylor N. S., Thome G. M., Bartlett J. G. 1981; Comparison of two toxins produced by Clostridium difficile. Infection and Immunity 34:1036–1043
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Vesely D. L., Straub K. D., Nolan C. M., Rolfe R. D., Finegold S. M., Monson T. P. 1981; Purified Clostridium difficile cytotoxin stimulates guanylate cyclase activity and inhibits adenylate cyclase activity. Infection and Immunity 33:285–291
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Vesely D. L., Sullivan N. M., Straub K. D., Monson T. P., Wilkins T. D. 1983; Clostridium difficile toxin A and toxin B both enhance guanylate cyclase activity. Clinical Research 31:378A
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-23-3-199
Loading
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-23-3-199
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error