1887

Abstract

Surmmary

The effect of azithromycin and erythromycin on growth, cell surface hydrophobicity and the susceptibility to the bactericidal activity of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) was examined in four species. Exposure to either 10 x MIC azithromycin or erythromycin induced a post-antibiotic effect (PAE) of between 2.4 and 4.3 h. Erythromycin caused a longer PAE for than azithromycin under the same conditions. The cell surface charge (hydrophobic or hydrophilic) of the streptococci was altered significantly during PAE; loss of hydrophobicity was induced by both macrolides, and this effect was variable amongst the species. The decrease in hydrophobicity was not related to inhibition of growth. The effect of each drug during PAE on the interaction of opsonised suspensions of the streptococci with human PMNL revealed that erythromycin, and to a lesser extent azithromycin, increased susceptibility to the bactericidal activity of human PMNL; this effect was abolished following PAE. The present study clearly showed that PAE should not only be considered as delayed bacterial growth, but also as modulation of bacterial susceptibility to phagocytosis which may influence the outcome of the host-parasite relationship.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-42-5-362
1995-05-01
2024-04-25
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/42/5/medmicro-42-5-362.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-42-5-362&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Craig W. A., Gudmundsson S. Postantibiotic effect. In Lorian V. (ed) Antibiotics in laboratory medicine 3rd edn Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1991403–431
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Pruul H., Wetherall B., McDonald P. In vitro killing of erythromycin-exposed group A streptococci by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Eur J Clin Microbiol 1986; 5:405–410
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Gerber A. U., Craig W. A. Growth kinetics of respiratory pathogens after short exposures to ampicillin and erythromycin in vitro . J Antimicrob Chemother 1981; 8: Suppl C 81–91
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Atkinson B. A., Amaral L. Sublethal concentrations of anti-biotics, effects on bacteria and the immune system. CRC Crit Rev Microbiol 1982; 9:101–138
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Shibl A. M., Gemmell C. G. Effect of four antibiotics on haemolysin production and adherence to human uroepithelial cells by Escherichia coli . J Med Microbiol 1983; 16:341–349
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Tylewska S., Hjerten S., Wadstrom T. Effect of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on the adhesion of Streptococcus pyogenes to pharyngeal epithelial cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1981; 20:563–566
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Schifferli D. M., Beachey E. H. Bacterial adhesion: modulation by antibiotics with primary targets other than protein synthesis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1988; 32:1609–1613
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Chopra I., Linton A. The antibacterial effects of low concentrations of antibiotics. Adv Microbial Physiol 1986; 28:211–259
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Pruul H., Lewis G., McDonald P. J. Enhanced susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria to phagocytic killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes after brief exposure to aztreonam. J Antimicrob Chemother 1988; 22:675–686
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Pruul H., McDonald P. J. Lomefloxacin-induced modification of the kinetics of growth of gram-negative bacteria and susceptibility to phagocytic killing by human neutrophils. J Antimicrob Chemother 1990; 25:91–101
    [Google Scholar]
  11. McDonald P. T., Wetherall B. L., Pruul H. Postantibiotic leukocyte enhancement: increased susceptibility of bacteria pretreated with antibiotics to activity of leukocytes. Rev Infect Dis 1981; 3:38–44
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Miles A. A., Misra S. S., Irwin J. O. The estimation of bactericidal power of the blood. J Hyg 1938; 38:732–749
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Rosenberg M., Gutnick D., Rosenberg E. Adherence of bacteria to hydrocarbons: a simple method for measuring cell-surface hydrophobicity. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1980; 9:29–33
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Verhoef J., Peterson P. K., Quie P. G. Kinetics of staphylococcal opsonization, attachment, ingestion and killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: a quantitative assay using [ 3 H]thymidine labeled bacteria. J Immunol Methods 1977; 14:303–311
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Debbia E. A., Molinari G., Paglia P., Schito G. C. Post-antibiotic effect of azithromycin on respiratory tract pathogens. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1990; 16:615–619
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Smith H. Microbial surfaces in relation to pathogenicity. Bacteriol Rev 1977; 41:475–500
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Rogers A. L., Pilowsky K., Zilm P. S. The effect of growth rate on the adhesion of oral bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus milleri . Arch Oral Biol 1984; 29:147–150
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Bernard J.-P., Francioli P., Glauser M. P. Vancomycin prophylaxis of experimental Streptococcus sanguis: inhibition of bacterial adherence rather than bacterial killing. J Clin Invest 1981; 68:1113–1116
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Rosenberg M., Rosenberg E., Judes H., Weiss E. Bacterial adherence to hydrocarbons and to surfaces in the oral cavity. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1983; 20:1–5
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Pascual A., Martinez-Martinez L., Aragon J., Perea E. J. Effect of amoxycillin and calvulanic acid, alone and in combination, on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte function against Staphylococcus aureus . Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1989; 8:277–281
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Pascual A., Lopez-Lopez G. L., Aragonm J., Perea E. J. Effect of azithromycin, roxithromycin and erythromycin on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte function against Staphylococcus aureus . J Chemother 1990; 36:422–427
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Gemmell C. G., Peterson P. K., Schmeling D. Potentiation of opsonization and phagocytosis of Streptococcus pyogenes following growth in the presence of clindamycin. J Clin Invest 1981; 67:1249–1256
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Vogelman B., Gudmundsson S., Leggett J., Turnidge J., Ebert S., Craig W. A. Correlation of antimicrobial pharmacokinetic parameters with therapeutic efficacy in an animal model. J Infect Dis 1988; 158:831–847
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-42-5-362
Loading
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-42-5-362
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error