1887

Abstract

A direct agglutination test (DAT) for the detection of post-kala azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) was evaluated in conditions that simulate the disease clinically or immunologically. A reference strain of (LEM 1399), and antigen preparations from two isolates from Bangladeshi patients with post-kala azar dermal leishmaniasis or visceral leismaniasis were used. A titre of at least 51200 was obtained in tests of patients with PKDL with all three antigens, whereas a maximum titre of 1600 was recorded in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis or leprosy. Antigens from dermal isolates of (LV 140) and (LV 65) yielded titres of 1600-6400 in patients with PKDL. The lowest titre recorded in 70 patients tested with the homologous PKDL antigen was 409600. In patients with leprosy, cutaneous leishmaniasis, syphilis, onchocerciasis, tuberculosis, blastomycosis or vitiligo, titres ranged from 100 to 1600. The DAT is better than current parasitological and histopathological methods for the diagnosis of PKDL in areas in which leprosy is co-endemic.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-44-2-141
1996-02-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/44/2/medmicro-44-2-141.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-44-2-141&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Ramesh Y., Saxena U., Misra R. S., Mukherjee A. Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. A case report strikingly resembling lepromatous leprosy. Lepr Rev 1991; 62:217–221
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Ramesh V. On the differences between post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis and leprosy. Trap Doct 1994; 24:120–121
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Zijlstra E. E. Kala-azar in the Sudan: epidemiological and clinical studies. PhD Thesis University of Amsterdam; the Netherlands: 1995
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Elhassan A. M., Ali,M. S., Zijlstra E. E., Eltoum I. A., Ghalib,H.W., Ahmed H. M. A. Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in the Sudan: peripheral neural involvement. Int J Dermatol 1992; 31:400–403
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Manson-Bahr P. E. C., Bell D. R. Visceral leishmaniasis. In Manson’s tropical diseases 19th edn London: Bailliere Tindall; 198787–113
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Addy M., Nandy A. Ten years of kala-azar in west Bengal, part 1. Did post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis initiate the outbreak in 24-Parganas?. Bull WHO 1992; 70:341–346
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Harith A. E., Kolk A. H. J., Leeuwenburg J. Improvement of a direct agglutination test for field studies of visceral leishmaniasis. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26:1321–1325
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Harith A. E., Slappendel R. J., Reiter I. Application of a direct agglutination test for detection of specific anti-leishmania antibodies in the canine reservoir. J Clin Microbiol 1989; 27:2252–2257
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Chowdhury M. S., Harith A. E., Al Masum A., Karim E. A., Al Rahman A. Prevalence of agglutinating zxAi-leishmania antibodies in two multi-thousand Bengali communities. Zeitschr Parasitenkunde 1993; 79:444–450
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Ridley D. S., Jopling W. H. Classification of leprosy according to immunity. A five-group system. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1966; 34:255–273
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Das P. K., Rambukkana A., Baas J. G., Groothuis D. G., Halperin M. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for distinguishing serological responses of lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosies to the 29/33-Kilodalton Doublet and 64-Kilodalton antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis . J Clin Microbiol 1990; 28:379–382
    [Google Scholar]
  12. van der Werf T. S., Das P. K., van Soolingen D., Young S., van der Mark T. W., Van den Akker R. Sero-diagnosis of tuberculosis with A60 antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: failure in HIV-infected individuals in Ghana. Med Microbiol Immunol 1992; 181:71–76
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Semiäo-Santos S. J., Harith A. E., Ferreira E., Pires C. A., Sousa C., Gusmão A. Évora district as a new focus for canine leishmaniasis in Portugal. Parasitol Res 1995; 81:235–239
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Marsden P. D. Mucosal leishmaniasis (“espundia” Escomel, 1911). Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1986; 80:859–876
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Mengistu G., Kieseling R., Akuffo H. The value of a direct agglutination test in the diagnosis of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1990; 84:359–362
    [Google Scholar]
  16. El Safi S. H., Evans D. A. A. comparison of the direct agglutination test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the sero-diagnosis of leishmaniasis in the Sudan. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1989; 83:334–337
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Nascimento M. D., Alcantara-Neves N. M., Muniz M. E. B., Nunes S. F., Paranhos M., Pontes de Carvalho L. C. Induction and modulation of the immune response to Leishmania by Montenegro’s skin test. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1993; 87:91–93
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Nandy A., Addy M., Chowdhury A. B. Leishmanial blepharoconjunctivitis. Trop Geogr Med 1991; 43:303–306
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Slappendel R. J. Canine leishmaniasis. A review based on 95 cases in The Netherlands. Vet Q 1988; 10:11–16
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Das Gupta S., Ghosh D. K., Majumder H. K. A. cloned kinetoplast DNA mini-circle fragment from a Leishmania spp. specific for post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis strains. Parasitol 1991; 102:187–191
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Thakur C. P., Kumar K. Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: a neglected aspect of kala-azar control programmes. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1992; 86:355–359
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-44-2-141
Loading
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-44-2-141
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error