1887

Journal of Medical Microbiology logo

Volume 46, Issue 2

Immune response to a Murray Valley encephalitis virus epitope expressed in the flagellin of an attenuated strain of Free

Abstract

Recent developments in vaccine construction include the use of attenuated, avirulent strains of as carriers of foreign antigens. These recombinant strains can elicit a heterologous immune response when injected into animals, demonstrating potential for their use in the construction of many vaccines. In the present study, a B-cell epitope of Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVE) was identified and expressed in a strain to evaluate its potential to induce a specific immune response to MVE. A synthetic oligonucleotide encoding the B-cell epitope (residues E) of the envelope protein of MVE was inserted into the cloned flagellin gene of the strain. The construct was sequenced to ensure correct orientation of the epitope. Expression of the epitope was demonstrated by Western blot analysis and immunogold electron microscopy with monoclonal antibody specific to the epitope. Electron microscopy analysis revealed multiple copies of the epitope along the flagella. The recombinant carrying the hybrid flagellin gene elicited an immune response to the MVE epitope in a mouse model. The MVE-specific antibodies partially neutralised the virus The significance of this system for engineering vaccines for other medically important flaviviruses is discussed.

  • Received:
  • Published Online:
© 1997 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-46-2-129
1997-02-01
2024-04-27
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/46/2/medmicro-46-2-129.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-46-2-129&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Curtiss R. J., Hassan O., Herr J. Nonrecombinant and recombinant avirulent salmonella vaccines. Proceedings of the Symposium Recombinant and Synthetic Vaccines New Delhi, India: 1992
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Cárdenas L., Clements J. D. Stability, immunogenicity and expression of foreign antigens in bacterial vaccine vectors. Vaccine 1993; 11:126–135
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Stocker B. A. D., Newton S. M. Immune responses to epitopes inserted in salmonella flagellin. Int Rev Immunol 1994; 11:167–178
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Hoiseth S. K., Stocker B. A. D. Aromatic-dependent Salmonella typhimurium are non-virulent and effective as live vaccines. Nature 1981; 291:238–239
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Dougan G., Maskell D., Pickard D., Hormaeche C. Isolation of stable aroA mutants of Salmonella typhi Ty2: properties and preliminary characterization in mice. Mol Gen Genet 1987; 207:402–405
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Robertsson J. Å., Lindberg A. A., Hoiseth S. K., Stocker B. A. D. Salmonella typhimurium infection in calves: protection and survival of virulent challenge bacteria after immunization with live or inactivated vaccines. Infect Immun 1983; 41:742–750
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Mukkur T. K. S., McDowell G. H., Stocker B. A. D., Lascelles A. K. Protection against experimental Salmonellosis in mice and sheep by immunisation with aromatic-dependent Salmonella typhimurium. J Med Microbiol 1987; 24:11–19
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Smith B. P., Reina-Guerra M., Hoiseth S. K. Aromatic-dependent Salmonella typhimurium as modified live vaccine for calves. Am J Vet Res 1984; 45:59–66
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Majarian W. R., Kasper S. J., Brey R. N. Expression of heterologous epitopes as recombinant flagella on the surface of attenuated Salmonella. In Vaccine 89 Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 1989277–281
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Newton S. M. C., Jacob C. O., Stocker B. A. D. Immune response to cholera toxin epitope inserted in Salmonella flagellin. Science 1989; 244:70–72
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Verma N. K., Ziegler H. K., Stocker B. A. D., Schoolnik G. K. Induction of a cellular immune response to a defined T-cell epitope as an insert in the flagellin of a live vaccine strain of Salmonella. Vaccine 1995; 13:235–244
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Verma N. K., Ziegler H. K., Wilson M. Delivery of class I and class II MHC-restricted T-cell epitopes of listeriolysin of Listeria monocytogenes by attenuated Salmonella. Vaccine 1995; 13:142–150
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Newton S. M., Manning W. C., Hovl M., Stocker B. A. D. Aromatic-dependent Salmonella with foreign epitope insert in flagellin as live vaccine. In Vaccines 90 Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 1990439–445
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Westaway E. G., Brinton M. A., Gaidamovich S. Y. Flaviviridae. Intervirology 1985; 24:183–192
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Marshall I. D. Murray Valley and Kunjin encephalitis. In Monath T. P. (ed) The arboviruses: epidemiology and ecology Boca Raton: FL, CRC Press; 1988151–189
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Chambers T. J., Hahn C. S., Galler R., Rice C. M. Flavivirus genome organization, expression, and replication. Annu Rev Microbiol 1990; 44:696–688
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Doherty R. L. Arthropod-borne viruses in Australia, 1973-1976. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci 1977; 55:103–130
     [Google Scholar]
  18. French E. L. A review of arthropod-borne virus infections affecting man and animals in Australia. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci 1973; 51:131–158
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Theiler M., Smith H. H. The effect of prolonged cultivation in vitro upon the pathogenicity of yellow fever virus. J Exp Med 1937; 65:767–786
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Kunz C., Heinz F. X., Hofmann H. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a highly purified vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis. J Med Virol 1980; 6:103–109
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Yu Y. X., Zhang G. M., Guo Y. P., Ao J., Li H. M. Safety of a live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine (SA-14-14-2) for children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1988; 39:214–217
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Okuda K., Itoh K., Miyake K., Morita M., Ogonuki M., Matsui S. Purification of Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine by zonal centrifugation. J Clin Microbiol 1975; 1:96–101
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Hill A. B., Lobigs M., Blanden R. V., Kulkami A., Mullbacher A. The cellular immune response to Flavivirus. In Thomas D. B. (ed) Viruses and the cellular immune response Marcel Dekker, Inc; 1993363–387
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Heinz F. X., Mandl C., Holzmann H., Guirakhoo F., Tuma W., Kunz C. The antigenic structure and function of the flavivirus envelope protein E. 2nd International Symposium on Positive Strand Viruses; Vienna, Austria: 1989
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Mandl C. W., Guirakhoo F., Holzmann H., Heinz F. X., Kunz C. Antigenic structure of the flavivirus envelope protein E at the molecular level, using tick-borne encephalitis virus as a model. J Virol 1989; 63:564–571
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Mathews J. H., Roehrig J. T., Brubaker J. R., Hunt A. R., Allan J. E. A synthetic peptide to the E glycoprotein of Murray Valley Encephalitis Virus defines multiple virus-reactive T- and B-cell epitopes. J Virol 1992; 66:6555–6562
     [Google Scholar]
  27. McMinn P. C., Lee E., Hartley S., Roehrig J. T., Dalgamo L., Weir R. C. Murray Valley encephalitis virus envelope protein antigenic variants with altered hemagglutination properties and reduced neuroinvasiveness in mice. Virology 1995; 211:10–20
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Stanley K. K., Luzio J. P. Construction of a new family of high efficiency bacterial expression vectors: identification of cDNA clones coding for human liver proteins. EMBO J 1984; 3:1429–1434
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Maniatis T., Fritsch E. F., Sambrook J. Molecular cloning; a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory; 198216–17
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Dalgarno L., Trent D. W., Strauss J. H., Rice C. M. Partial nucleotide sequence of the Murray Valley encephalitis virus genome, comparison of the encoded polypeptides with yellow fever virus structural and non-structural proteins. J Mol Biol 1986; 187:309–323
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Rice C. M., Dalgamo L., Galler R., Hahn Y. S., Strauss E. G., Strauss J. H. Molecular cloning of flavivirus genomes for comparative analysis and expression. In Bauer H., Klenk H.-D., Scholtissek C. (eds) Modem trends in virology Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 198883–97
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Birnboim H. C., Doly J. A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 1979; 7:1513–1523
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Dower W. J., Miller J. F., Ragsdale C. W. High efficiency transformation of E. coli by high voltage electroporation. Nucleic Acids Res 1988; 16:6127–6145
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1977; 74:5463–5467
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Towbin H., Staehelin T., Gordon J. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1979; 76:4350–4354
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Ho A. S. Y., Mietzner T. A., Smith A. J., Schoolnik G. K. The pili of Aeromonas hydrophila: identification of an environmentally regulated “minipilin”. J Exp Med 1990; 172:795–806
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Hawkes R. A., Roehrig J. T., Hunt A. R., Moore G. A. Antigenic structure of the Murray Valley encephalitis virus E glycoprotein. J Gen Virol 1988; 69:1105–1109
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Guirakhoo F., Bolin R. A., Roehrig J. T. The Murray Valley encephalitis vims prM protein confers acid resistance to vims particles and alters the expression of epitopes within the R2 domain of E glycoprotein. Virology 1992; 191:921–931
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Nowak T., Wengler G. Analysis of disulfides present in the membrane proteins of the West Nile flavivirus. Virology 1987; 156:127–137
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Guirakhoo F., Heinz F. X., Kunz C. Epitope model of tick-bome encephalitis vims envelope glycoprotein E: analysis of structural properties, role of carbohydrate side chain, and conformational changes occurring at acidic pH. Virology 1989; 169:90–99
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Rey F. A., Heinz F. X., Mandl C., Kunz C., Harrison S. C. The envelope glycoprotein from tick-bome encephalitis vims at 2 Å resolution. Nature 1995; 375:291–298
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Mandl C. W., Heinz F. X., Kunz C. Sequence of the structural proteins of tick-borne encephalitis virus (Western subtype) and comparative analysis with other flavivimses. Virology 1988; 166:197–205
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Wei L.-N., Joys T. M. Covalent stmcture of three phase-1 flagellar filament proteins of Salmonella. J Mol Biol 1985; 186:791–803
     [Google Scholar]
  44. McAda P. C., Mason P. W., Schmaljohn C. S., Dalrymple J. M., Mason T. L., Fournier M. J. Partial nucleotide sequence of the Japanese encephalitis vims genome. Virology 1987; 158:348–360
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Castle E., Nowak T., Leidner U., Wengler G., Wengler G. Sequence analysis of the viral core protein and the membrane-associated proteins VI and NV2 of the flavivirus West Nile vims and of the genome sequence of these proteins. Virology 1985; 145:227–236
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Trent D. W., Kinney R. M., Johnson B. J. B. Partial nucleotide sequence of St Louis encephalitis virus RNA: stmctural proteins, NS1, 2a and 2b. Virology 1987; 156:293–304
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Rice C. M., Lenches E. M., Eddy S. R., Shin S. J., Sheets R. L., Strauss J. H. Nucleotide sequence of yellow fever virus: implications for flavivirus gene expression and evolution. Science 1985; 229:726–733
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Mason P. W., McAda P. C., Mason T. L., Fournier M. J. Sequence of the dengue-1 vims genome in the region encoding the three stmctural proteins and the major nonstmctural protein NS1. Virology 1987; 161:262–267
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Deubel V., Kinney R. M., Trent D. W. Nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of the stmctural proteins of dengue type 2 virus, Jamaica genotype. Virology 1986; 155:365–377
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Zhao B., Mackow E., Buckler-White A. Cloning full-length dengue type 4 viral DNA sequences: analysis of genes coding for stmctural proteins. Virology 1986; 155:77–88
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-46-2-129
Loading
Immune response to a Murray Valley encephalitis virus epitope expressed in the flagellin of an attenuated strain of Salmonella
J. Med. Microbiol. 46, 129 (1997); https://doi.org/10.1099/00222615-46-2-129
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-46-2-129
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-46-2-129
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error