1887

Abstract

Serology remains the mainstay for diagnosis of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. This study compared two automated platforms (BioPlex 2200 and Architect i2000SR) to test three EBV serological markers: viral capsid antigen (VCA) immunoglobulins of class M (IgM), VCA immunoglobulins of class G (IgG) and EBV nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) IgG. Using sera from 65 patients at various stages of EBV disease, BioPlex demonstrated near-perfect agreement for all EBV markers compared to a consensus reference. The agreement for Architect was near-perfect for VCA IgG and EBNA-1 IgG, and substantial for VCA IgM despite five equivocal results. Since the majority of testing in our hospital was from adults with EBNA-1 IgG positive results, post-implementation analysis of an EBNA-based algorithm showed advantages over parallel testing of the three serologic markers. This small verification demonstrated that both automated systems for EBV serology had good performance for all EBV markers, and an EBNA-based testing algorithm is ideal for an adult hospital.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000616
2017-11-01
2024-04-25
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/66/11/1628.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000616&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. De Paschale M, Clerici P. Serological diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus infection: problems and solutions. World J Virol 2012; 1:31–43 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Young LS, Yap LF, Murray PG. Epstein-Barr virus: more than 50 years old and still providing surprises. Nat Rev Cancer 2016; 16:789–802 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Balfour HH, Odumade OA, Schmeling DO, Mullan BD, Ed JA et al. Behavioral, virologic, and immunologic factors associated with acquisition and severity of primary Epstein-Barr virus infection in university students. J Infect Dis 2013; 207:80–88 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Balfour HH, Sifakis F, Sliman JA, Knight JA, Schmeling DO et al. Age-specific prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus infection among individuals aged 6-19 years in the United States and factors affecting its acquisition. J Infect Dis 2013; 208:1286–1293 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Luzuriaga K, Sullivan JL. Infectious mononucleosis. N Engl J Med 2010; 362:1993–2000 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Grimm JM, Schmeling DO, Dunmire SK, Knight JA, Mullan BD et al. Prospective studies of infectious mononucleosis in university students. Clin Transl Immunology 2016; 5:e94 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Crawford DH, Swerdlow AJ, Higgins C, Mcaulay K, Harrison N et al. Sexual history and Epstein-Barr virus infection. J Infect Dis 2002; 186:731–736 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Perera RA, Samaranayake LP, Tsang CS. Shedding dynamics of Epstein-Barr virus: A type 1 carcinogen. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 55:639–647 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Gulley ML, Tang W. Laboratory assays for Epstein-Barr virus-related disease. J Mol Diagn 2008; 10:279–292 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Odumade OA, Hogquist KA, Balfour HH. Progress and problems in understanding and managing primary Epstein-Barr virus infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2011; 24:193–209 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2014; Epstein-Barr virus and infectious mononucleosis. www.cdc.gov/epstein-barr/laboratory-testing.html Last accessed July 31, 2017
  12. Hess RD. Routine Epstein-Barr virus diagnostics from the laboratory perspective: still challenging after 35 years. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:3381–3387 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Berth M, Bosmans E. Comparison of three automated immunoassay methods for the determination of Epstein-Barr virus-specific immunoglobulin M. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2010; 17:559–563 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Binnicker MJ, Jespersen DJ, Harring JA, Rollins LO, Beito EM. Evaluation of a multiplex flow immunoassay for detection of epstein-barr virus-specific antibodies. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2008; 15:1410–1413 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Corrales I, Giménez E, Navarro D. Evaluation of the Architect Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgG, VCA IgM, and EBV nuclear antigen 1 IgG chemiluminescent immunoassays for detection of EBV antibodies and categorization of EBV infection status using immunofluorescence assays as the reference method. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2014; 21:684–688 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Grandjean Lapierre S, Vallières E, Rabaamad L, Labrecque M, Chartrand C et al. Evaluation of the abbot Architect™ epstein-barr virus viral capsid antigen IgM, viral capsid antigen IgG and nuclear antigen IgG assays in a pediatric and adult population. J Clin Virol 2016; 81:1–5 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Guerrero-Ramos A, Patel M, Kadakia K, Haque T. Performance of the Architect EBV antibody panel for determination of Epstein-Barr virus infection stage in immunocompetent adolescents and young adults with clinical suspicion of infectious mononucleosis. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2014; 21:817–823 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Klutts JS, Liao RS, Dunne WM, Gronowski AM. Evaluation of a multiplexed bead assay for assessment of Epstein-Barr virus immunologic status. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:4996–5000 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Klutts JS, Ford BA, Perez NR, Gronowski AM. Evidence-based approach for interpretation of Epstein-Barr virus serological patterns. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47:3204–3210 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Sickinger E, Berth M, Vockel A, Braun HB, Oer M et al. Comparative evaluation of the new Architect EBV assays considering different testing algorithms. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 79:310–316 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Lupo J, Germi R, Semenova T, Buisson M, Seigneurin JM et al. Performance of two commercially available automated immunoassays for the determination of Epstein-Barr virus serological status. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2012; 19:929–934 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Public Health England Epstein-Barr Virus Serology. UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations; 2015; 261-13 www.gov.uk/uk-standards-for-microbiology-investigations-smi-quality-and-consistency-in-clinical-laboratories Last accessed Sept 08, 2017
  23. Bu W, Hayes GM, Liu H, Gemmell L, Schmeling DO et al. Kinetics of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) neutralizing and virus-specific antibodies after primary infection with EBV. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2016; 23:363–369 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 1977; 33:159–174 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Robertson P, Beynon S, Whybin R, Brennan C, Vollmer-Conna U et al. Measurement of EBV-IgG anti-VCA avidity aids the early and reliable diagnosis of primary EBV infection. J Med Virol 2003; 70:617–623 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Nystad TW, Myrmel H. Prevalence of primary versus reactivated Epstein-Barr virus infection in patients with VCA IgG-, VCA IgM- and EBNA-1-antibodies and suspected infectious mononucleosis. J Clin Virol 2007; 38:292–297 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Berth M, Vanheule G, Depuydt C, Benoy I. Serum Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viral load can be a complementary sensitive test in primary Epstein-Barr virus infection. J Clin Virol 2011; 50:184–185 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Gulley ML, Tang W. Using Epstein-Barr viral load assays to diagnose, monitor, and prevent posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Clin Microbiol Rev 2010; 23:350–366 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Gärtner B, Preiksaitis JK. EBV viral load detection in clinical virology. J Clin Virol 2010; 48:82–90 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  30. De Paschale M, Agrappi C, Manco MT, Mirri P, Viganò EF et al. Seroepidemiology of EBV and interpretation of the "isolated VCA IgG" pattern. J Med Virol 2009; 81:325–331 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  31. García T, Tormo N, Gimeno C, Navarro D. Assessment of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serostatus by enzyme immunoassays: plausibility of the isolated EBNA-1 IgG positive serological profile. J Infect 2008; 57:351–353 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Bauer G. Simplicity through complexity: immunoblot with recombinant antigens as the new gold standard in Epstein-Barr virus serology. Clin Lab 2001; 47:223–230[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Bauer CC, Aberle SW, Popow-Kraupp T, Kapitan M, Hofmann H et al. Serum Epstein-Barr virus DNA load in primary Epstein-Barr virus infection. J Med Virol 2005; 75:54–58 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  34. De Paschale M, Cagnin D, Cerulli T, Manco MT, Agrappi C et al. Search for anti-EA(D) antibodies in subjects with an "isolated VCA IgG" pattern. Int J Microbiol 2010; 2010:1–4 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000616
Loading
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000616
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

Supplementary File 1

PDF
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error