1887

Journal of Medical Microbiology logo

Volume 53, Issue 7

Isolation and molecular identification of from non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in Kuwait Free

Abstract

is an emerging pathogen capable of causing oropharyngeal, vaginal and bloodstream infections. Although is similar to in several phenotypic characteristics, it differs from it with respect to epidemiology, certain virulence factors and the ability to develop resistance to fluconazole rapidly. In this study, the first seven isolations of from Kuwait are described, all originating from non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. The isolates were initially identified by the Vitek 2 yeast identification system, positive germ tube test, production of rough colonies and chlamydospores on Staib agar and by their inability to assimilate xylose, trehalose or methyl α--glucoside. The species identity of the isolates was subsequently confirmed by specific amplification of rDNA targeting the internally transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), restriction endonuclease digestion of the amplified DNA and direct DNA sequencing of the ITS2. Using the E-test method, the MICs of test isolates were in the range 0.125–0.75 μg ml for fluconazole, 0.002–0.75 μg ml for itraconazole, 0.006–0.125 μg ml for ketoconazole, 0.002–0.5 μg ml for amphotericin B and 0.002–0.016 μg ml for voriconazole. Two of the isolates were resistant to 5-flucytosine (>32 μg ml), but none against fluconazole. The study reinforces the current view that has a much wider geographical and epidemiological distribution.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
© Microbiology Society
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.05315-0
2004-07-01
2024-04-26
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/53/7/JM530708.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.05315-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Ahmad S., Khan Z., Mustafa A. S., Khan Z. U. 2002; Semi-nested PCR for diagnosis of candidemia: comparison with culture, antigen detection, and biochemical methods for species identification. J Clin Microbiol 40:2483–2489 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Al Mosaid A., Sullivan D., Salkin I. F., Shanley D., Coleman D. C. 2001; Differentiation of Candida dubliniensis from Candida albicans on Staib agar and caffeic acid-ferric citrate agar. J Clin Microbiol 39:323–327 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Alves S. H., Milan E. P., de Laet Sant'Ana P., Oliveria L. O., Santurio J. M., Colombo A. L. 2002; Hypertonic Sabouraud broth as a simple and powerful test for Candida dubliniensis screening. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 43:85–86 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Borg-von Zepelin M., Niederhaus T., Gross U., Seibold M., Monod M., Tintelnot K. 2002; Adherence of different Candida dubliniensis isolates in the presence of fluconazole. AIDS 16:1237–1244 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Brandt M. E., Harrison L. H., Pass M., Sofair A. N., Huie S., Li R. K., Morrison C. J., Warnock D. W., Hajjeh R. A. 2000; Candida dubliniensis fungemia: the first four cases in North America. Emerg Infect Dis 6:46–49 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Coleman D. C., Rinaldi M. G., Haynes K. A., Rex J. H., Summerbell R. C., Annaissie E. J., Li A., Sullivan D. J. 1998; Importance of Candida species other than Candida albicans as opportunistic pathogens. Med Mycol 36 (Suppl. 1):156–165
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Elie C. M., Lott T. J., Reiss E., Morrison C. J. 1998; Rapid identification of Candida species with species-specific DNA probes. J Clin Microbiol 36:3260–3265
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Fujita S., Lasker B. A., Lott T. J., Reiss E., Morrison C. J. 1995; Microtitration plate enzyme immunoassay to detect PCR-amplified DNA from Candida species in blood. J Clin Microbiol 33:962–967
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Gales A. C., Pfaller M. A., Houston A. K., Joly S., Sullivan D. J., Coleman D. C., Soll D. R. 1999; Identification of Candida dubliniensis based on temperature and utilization of xylose and α-methyl-d-glucoside as determined with the API 20C AUX and Vitek YBC Systems. J Clin Microbiol 37:3804–3808
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Gee S. F., Joly S., Soll D. R., Meis J. F., Verweij P. E., Polacheck I., Sullivan J. D., Coleman D. C. 2002; Identification of four distinct genotypes of Candida dubliniensis and detection of microevolution in vitro and in vivo. J Clin Microbiol 40:556–574 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Gilfillan G. D., Sullivan D. J., Haynes K., Parkinson T., Coleman D. C., Gow N. A. 1998; Candida dubliniensis : phylogeny and putative virulence factors. Microbiology 144:829–838 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Gutierrez J., Morales P., Gonzalez M. A., Quindos G. 2002; Candida dubliniensis , a new fungal pathogen. J Basic Microbiol 3:207–227
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Jabra-Rizk M. A., Falkler W. A. Jr, Merz W. G., Baqui A. A. M. A., Kelly J. I., Meiller T. F. 2000; Retrospective identification and characterization of Candida dubliniensis isolates among Candida albicans clinical laboratory isolates from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- infected and non-HIV-infected individuals. J Clin Microbiol 38:2423–2426
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Kwok S., Higuchi R. 1989; Avoiding false positives with PCR. Nature 339:237–238 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  15. McGinnis M. R. 1994; Mycology. In Clinical Microbiology Procedure Handbook , section 6 Edited by Isenberg H. D. Washington DC: American Society for Microbiology;
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Meis J. F. G. M., Ruhnke M., DePauw B. E., Odds F. C., Siegert W., Verweij P. E. 1999; Candida dubliniensis candidemia in patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and bone marrow transplantation. Emerg Infect Dis 5:150–153 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Moran G. P., Sullivan D. J., Henman M. C., McCreary C. E., Harrington B., Shanley D. B., Coleman D. C. 1997; Antifungal drug susceptibilities of oral Candida dubliniensis isolates from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and non-HIV-infected subjects and generation of stable fluconazole-resistant derivatives in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41:617–623
     [Google Scholar]
  18. NCCLS 1997 Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeast , approved standard M27-A Wayne, PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards;
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Odds F. C., Van Nuffel L., Dams G. 1998; Prevalence of Candida dubliniensis isolates in a yeast stock collection. J Clin Microbiol 36:2869–2873
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Pfaller M. A., Messer S. A., Boyken L., Huynh H., Hollis R. J., Diekema D. J. 2002; In vitro activities of 5-fluorocytosine against 8,803 clinical isolates of Candida spp.: global assessment of primary resistance using National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards susceptibility testing methods. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46:3518–3521 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Polacheck I., Strahilevitz J., Sullivan D., Donnelly S., Salkin I. F., Coleman D. C. 2000; Recovery of Candida dubliniensis from non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in Israel. J Clin Microbiol 38:170–174
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Quindos G., Carrillo-Munoz A. J., Arevalo M. P. & 9 other authors; 2000; In vitro susceptibility of Candida dubliniensis to current and new antifungal agents. Chemotherapy 46:395–401 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Redding S. W., Zellars R. C., Kirkpatrick W. R. & 7 other authors; 1999; Epidemiology of oropharyngeal Candida colonization and infection in patients receiving radiation for head and neck cancer. J Clin Microbiol 37:3896–3900
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Sebti A., Kiehn T. E., Perlin D., Chaturvedi V., Wong M., Doney A., Park S., Sepkowitz K. A. 2001; Candida dubliniensis at a cancer center. Clin Infect Dis 32:1034–1038 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Sullivan D., Coleman D. C. 1998; Candida dubliniensis : characteristics and identification. J Clin Microbiol 36:329–334
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Sullivan D. J., Westerneng T. J., Haynes K. A., Bennet D. E., Coleman D. C. 1995; Candida dubliniensis sp.nov.: phenotypic and molecular characterization of a novel species associated with oral candidosis in HIV-infected individuals. Microbiology 141:1507–1521 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Williams D. W., Coulter W. A., Wilson M. J., Potts A. J. C., Lewis M. A. O. 2001; Identification of Candida dubliniensis , based on ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. Br J Biomed Sci 58:11–16
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.05315-0
Loading
Isolation and molecular identification of Candida dubliniensis from non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in Kuwait
J. Med. Microbiol. 53, 633 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.05315-0
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.05315-0
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.05315-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error