New serovars of Leptospira isolated from patients in Costa Rica: implications for public health

References

1. Ahmed N., Devi S. M., Valverde M. de los A., Vijayachari P., Machang’u R. S., Ellis W. A., Hartskeerl R. A. 2006; Multilocus sequence typing method for identification and genotypic classification of pathogenic Leptospira species. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 5:28 [View Article][PubMed]
   [Google Scholar]
2. Ahmed A., Thaipadungpanit J., Boonsilp S., Wuthiekanun V., Nalam K., Spratt B. G., Aanensen D. M., Smythe L. D., Ahmed N. other authors 2011; Comparison of two multilocus sequence based genotyping schemes for Leptospira species. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5:e1374 [View Article][PubMed]
   [Google Scholar]
3. Alex J. C., Suresh B., Korver H., Ratnam S., Venkatesan R. A. 1993; Leptospira isolates of Madras city. Indian J Med Microbiol 11:269–273
   [Google Scholar]
4. Anonymous. 1984; International committee on systematic bacteriology, subcommittee on the taxonomy of Leptospira: minutes of the meeting, 6 to 10 August 1982, Boston, MA, USA. Int J Syst Bacteriol 34:258–259 [View Article]
   [Google Scholar]
5. Anonymous. 1987; International committee on systematic bacteriology, subcommittee on the taxonomy of Leptospira: minutes of the meeting, 5 and 6 September 1986, Manchester, England. Int J Syst Bacteriol 37:472–473 [View Article]
   [Google Scholar]
6. Anonymous. 1994 Comisión Científica Permanente sobre Leptospirosis de la A. A. V. L. D. Manual de leptospirosis Buenos Aires, Argentina: Asociación Argentina de Veterinarios de Laboratorios de Diagnostico;
   [Google Scholar]
7. Brenner D. J., Kaufmann A. F., Sulzer K. R., Steigerwalt A. G., Rogers F. C., Weyant R. S. 1999; Further determination of DNA relatedness between serogroups and serovars in the family Leptospiraceae with a proposal for Leptospira alexanderi sp. nov. and four new Leptospira genomospecies. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49:839–858 [View Article][PubMed]
   [Google Scholar]
8. Costa F., Martinez-Silveira M. S., Hagan J. E., Hartskeerl R. A., Dos Reis M. G., Ko A. I. 2012; Surveillance for leptospirosis in the Americas, 1996-2005: a review of data from ministries of health. Rev Panam Salud Publica 32:169–177 [View Article][PubMed]
   [Google Scholar]
9. Dikken H., Kmety E. 1978; Serological typing methods of leptospires. In Methods in Microbiology vol. 11 pp. 259–307 Edited by Bergen T., Norris J.R. New York: Academic Press;
   [Google Scholar]
10. Faine S. (editor) ( 1982; Guidelines for the Control of Leptospirosis. World Health Organization Offset Publication no. 67. Geneva: World Health Organization;
    [Google Scholar]
11. Faine S. 1994 Leptospira and Leptospirosis Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press;
    [Google Scholar]
12. Faine S., Stallman N. 1982; Amended descriptions of the genus Leptospira Noguchi 1917 and the species L. interrogans (Stimson 1907) Wenyon 1926 and L. biflexa (Wolbach and Binger 1914) Noguchi 1918. IJSEM 32:461–463
    [Google Scholar]
13. Faine S., Adler B., Bolin C., Perolat P. 1999 Leptospira and Leptospirosis, 2nd edn Armadale, Australia: Medi sci Writing;
    [Google Scholar]
14. Goris M. G. A., Leeflang M. M. G., Boer K. R., Goeijenbier M., Van Gorp E. C. M., Wagenaar J. F. P., Hartskeerl R. A. 2012; Establishment of valid laboratory case definition for human leptospirosis. J Bacteriol Parasitol 3:132 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
15. Gravekamp C., Van de Kemp H., Franzen M., Carrington D., Schoone G. J., Van Eys G. J., Everard C. O., Hartskeerl R. A., Terpstra W. J. 1993; Detection of seven species of pathogenic leptospires by PCR using two sets of primers. J Gen Microbiol 139:1691–1700 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
16. Hartskeerl R. A., Smits H. L., Korver H. H., Goris M. G. A., Terpstra W. J. 2006; International Course on Laboratory Methods for the Diagnosis of Leptospirosis, Course Manual. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Royal Tropical Institute;
    [Google Scholar]
17. Kmety E., Dikken H. 1993 Classification of the Species Leptospira Interrogans and History of its Serovars Groningen, The Netherlands: University Press;
    [Google Scholar]
18. Korver H., Kolk A. H. J., Vingerhoed J., van Leeuwen J., Terpstra W. J. 1988; Classification of the serovars of Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup by monoclonal antibodies. Isr J Vet Med 44:15–18
    [Google Scholar]
19. Levett P. N. 2001; Leptospirosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 14:296–326 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
20. Levett P. N. 2003; Leptospira and Leptonema. In Manual of Clinical Microbiology pp. 929–936 Edited by Murray P. R., Baron E. J., Jorgensen J. H., Pfaller M. A., Yolken R. H. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
    [Google Scholar]
21. Levett P. N., Morey R. E., Galloway R. L., Steigerwalt A. G. 2006; Leptospira broomii sp. nov., isolated from humans with leptospirosis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56:671–673 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
22. Limmathurotsakul D., Turner E. L., Wuthiekanun V., Thaipadungpanit J., Suputtamongkol Y., Chierakul W., Smythe L. D., Day N. P., Cooper B., Peacock S. J. 2012; Fool’s gold: Why imperfect reference tests are undermining the evaluation of novel diagnostics: a re-evaluation of five diagnostic tests for leptospirosis. Clin Infect Dis 55:322–331 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
23. Perolat P., Chappel R. J., Adler B., Baranton G., Bulach D. M., Billinghurst M. L., Letocart M., Merien F., Serrano M. S. 1998; Leptospira fainei sp. nov., isolated from pigs in Australia. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48:851–858 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
24. Smits H. L., van der Hoorn M. A., Goris M. G., Gussenhoven G. C., Yersin C., Sasaki D. M., Terpstra W. J., Hartskeerl R. A. 2000; Simple latex agglutination assay for rapid serodiagnosis of human leptospirosis. J Clin Microbiol 38:1272–1275[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
25. Tamura K., Peterson D., Peterson N., Stecher G., Nei M., Kumar S. 2011; MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 28:2731–2739 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
26. Valverde Ma. de los A., Ramírez J. M., Montes de Oca L. G., Goris M. G. A., Ahmed N., Hartskeerl R. A. 2008; Arenal, a new Leptospira serovar of serogroup Javanica, isolated from a patient in Costa Rica. Infect Genet Evol 8:529–533 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
27. Victoria B., Ahmed A., Zuerner R. L., Ahmed N., Bulach D. M., Quinteiro J., Hartskeerl R. A. 2008; Conservation of the S10-spc-alpha locus within otherwise highly plastic genomes provides phylogenetic insight into the genus Leptospira . PLoS ONE 3:e2752 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
28. Yasuda P. H., Steigenwalt A. G., Sulzer K. R., Kaufmann A. F., Rogers F., Brenner D. J. 1987; Deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness between serogroups and serovars in the family Leptospiraceae with proposals for seven new Leptospira species. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 37:407–415
    [Google Scholar]