RT Journal Article SR Electronic(1) A1 Pazhani, Gururaja Perumal A1 Niyogi, Swapan Kumar A1 Singh, Anil Kumar A1 Sen, Bhaswati A1 Taneja, Neelam A1 Kundu, Manikuntala A1 Yamasaki, Shinji A1 Ramamurthy, ThandavarayanYR 2008 T1 Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Shigella species isolated from epidemic and endemic cases of shigellosis in India JF Journal of Medical Microbiology, VO 57 IS 7 SP 856 OP 863 DO https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.2008/000521-0 PB Microbiology Society, SN 1473-5644, AB Shigella species represent one of the growing numbers of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in developing countries. Fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of Shigella dysenteriae type1 and Shigella flexneri type 2a emerged in India during 2002 and 2003, respectively. Sixty strains of Shigella from different parts of India were analysed for antimicrobial susceptibility, the presence of the qnr plasmid, mutations in the quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDRs), fluoroquinolone accumulation, and the presence of other genes encoding resistance to various antimicrobials. Fluoroquinolone-resistant strains had mutations in gyrA and parC genes and had an active efflux system. They were also resistant to several other antimicrobials but were susceptible to azithromycin and ceftriaxone. The majority of the strains harboured genes encoding resistance to ampicillin (97 %), tetracycline (95 %), streptomycin (95 %) and chloramphenicol (94 %). PFGE analysis revealed clonality among strains of S. dysenteriae types 1 and 5, S. flexneri type 2a and Shigella boydii type 12., UL https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.2008/000521-0