1887

Journal of Medical Microbiology logo

Volume 55, Issue 1

pneumonia in Hong Kong: a 10 year retrospective study Free

Abstract

A retrospective review was performed of patients diagnosed with pneumonia (PCP) from 1994 to 2003 at the Prince of Wales Hospital in Hong Kong. Eighteen patients were identified. Six (33·3 %) were co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The remaining 12 non-HIV-infected patients had underlying diseases: three post-renal transplant recipients, three with haematological malignancies, two with auto-immune diseases, two with renal diseases, one with hepatocellular carcinoma and one with congenital cytomegalovirus disease. Cytomegalovirus co-infection was observed in four patients. All patients received cotrimoxazole therapy, with intolerance observed in four of them, including one with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, two with repeated vomiting and one with renal impairment. Overall crude mortality was 33·3 %. The results suggested that, apart from being a common infection for patients with HIV infection, PCP can occur during the course of many immunosuppressive diseases and therapies. The mortality of PCP was high despite appropriate treatment. Chemoprophylaxis should be considered in populations at risk.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): CMV, cytomegalovirus , G6PD, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase , HIV, human immunodeficiency virus and PCP, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
SGM
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.45893-0
2006-01-01
2024-04-18
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/55/1/85.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.45893-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Arend S. M., Kroon F. P., van't Wout J. W. 1995; Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without AIDS; 1980 through 1993; An analysis of 78 cases. Arch Intern Med 155:2436–2441 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Barry S. M., Johnson M. A. 2001; Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a review of current issues in diagnosis and management. HIV Med 2:123–132 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Cailliez J. C., Seguy N., Denis C. M., Aliouat E. M., Mazars E., Polonelli L., Camus D., Dei-Cas E. 1996; Pneumocystis carinii : an atypical fungal micro-organism. J Med Vet Mycol 34:227–239 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Cunha B. A. 2001; Pneumonias in the compromised host. Infect Dis Clin North Am 15:591–612 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Gerrard J. G. 1995; Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-negative immunocompromised adults. Med J Aust 162:233–235
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Gordon S. M., LaRosa S. P., Kalmadi S., Arrolgia A. C., Avery R. K., Truesdell-LaRosa L., Longworth D. L. 1999; Should prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in solid organ transplant recipients ever be discontinued?. Clin Infect Dis 28:240–246 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Higgins R. M., Bloom S. L., Hopkin J. M., Morris P. J. 1989; The risks and benefits of low-dose cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia in renal transplantation. Transplantation 47:558–560 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Klein N. C., Duncanson F. P., Lenox T. H. other authors 1992; Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus pentamidine for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients: results of a large prospective randomized treatment trial. AIDS 6:301–305 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Klein N. C., Go C. H., Cunha B. A. 2001; Infections associated with steroid use. Infect Dis Clin North Am 15:423–432 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Leung T. F., Ng P. C., Fok T. F., Wong M. C., Wong W., Cheung K. L., So K. W. 2000; Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an immunocompetent infant with congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Infection 28:184–186 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Li K. C., Lai S. S., Lam S. T. 1999; Adequacy and pitfalls of G6PD deficiency counseling in Hong Kong. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 30 (Suppl. 2):79–83
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Montaner J. S., Lawson L. M., Levitt N., Belzberg A., Schechter M. T., Ruedy J. 1990; Corticosteroids prevent early deterioration in patients with moderately severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ann Intern Med 113:14–20 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Olsen S. L., Renlund D. G., O'Connell J. B., Taylor D. O., Lassetter J. E., Eastburn T. E., Hammond E. H., Bristow M. R. 1993; Prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in cardiac transplant recipients by trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. Transplantation 56:359–362 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Palella F. J. Jr, Delaney K. M., Moorman A. C., Loveless M. O., Fuhrer J., Satten G. A., Aschman D. J., Holmberg S. D. 1998; Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators. . N Engl J Med 338:853–860 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Phair J., Munoz A., Detels R., Kaslow R., Rinaldo C., Saah A. 1990; The risk of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among men infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Group. . N Engl J Med 322:161–165 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Roblot F., Godet C., Le Moal G. & 9 other authors; 2002; Analysis of underlying diseases and prognosis factors associated with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised HIV-negative patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 21:523–531 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Saksasithon S., Sungkanuparph S., Thanakitcharu S. 2003; Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without HIV infection. J Med Assoc Thai 86:612–616
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Schliep T. C., Yarrish R. L. 1999; Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Semin Respir Infect 14:333–343
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Sepkowitz K. A. 2002; Opportunistic infections in patients with and patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 34:1098–1107 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Stuck A. E., Minder C. E., Frey F. J. 1989; Risk of infectious complications in patients taking glucocorticosteroids. Rev Infect Dis 11:954–963 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Vilar F. J., Khoo S. H., Walley T. 1999; The management of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Br J Clin Pharmacol 47:605–609
     [Google Scholar]
  22. WHO 1999 STI/HIV: Status and Trends of STI, HIV and AIDS at the End of the Millennium. Western Pacific Region 1999 Manila: World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific;
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Wong K. H., Lee S. S., Low K. H., Wan W. Y. 2003; Temporal trend and factors associated with late HIV diagnosis in Hong Kong, a low HIV prevalence locality. AIDS Patient Care STDS 17:461–469 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.45893-0
Loading
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in Hong Kong: a 10 year retrospective study
J. Med. Microbiol. 55, 85 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.45893-0
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.45893-0
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.45893-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error