1887

Journal of Medical Microbiology logo

Volume 55, Issue 12

typing of invasive T28 group A streptococci, 1995–2004, Finland Free

Abstract

A total of 985 group A streptococcus (GAS) bacteraemia isolates collected in Finland during 1995–2004 were T-serotyped, and of these, 336 isolates of serotype T28 were subjected to further typing. The total number of isolates referred per year showed an increase within the study period, from 43 in 1995 to 130 in 2004. The annual incidence of invasive GAS (iGAS) bacteraemia showed a general increase during the study period, from 1.1 to 2.5 per 100 000 population. Serotype T28 remained among the most common serotypes, in addition to serotypes TB3264 and T1. The serotype T28 isolates were found to be distributed across six distinct types: 28, 77, 53 (including subtypes 53.2 and 53.4), 87, 2 and 4. The serotype distribution and the type distribution of serotype T28 fluctuated over time. Within the study period, the proportion of T28/28 isolates became the most prominent. During periods of low 28 incidence, types 77 and 53 seemed to show a resurgence. typing revealed T28 isolates to be a genetically heterogeneous group harbouring a variety of distinct M proteins. This study confirms that T serotyping alone is not a sufficient method for epidemiological surveillance of iGAS.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , GAS, group A streptococcus , iGAS, invasive GAS , KTL, National Public Health Institute of Finland , MLST, multilocus sequence typing , NIDR, National Infectious Disease Register , NT, non-typable and SOF, serum opacity factor
SGM
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.46690-0
2006-12-01
2024-04-23
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/55/12/1701.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.46690-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Beall B., Facklam R., Thompson T. 1996; Sequencing emm -specific PCR products for routine and accurate typing of group A streptococci. J Clin Microbiol 34:953–958
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Beall B., Gherardi G., Lovgren M., Facklam R. R., Forwick B. A., Tyrrell G. J. 2000; emm and sof gene sequence variation in relation to serological typing of opacity-factor-positive group A streptococci. Microbiology 146:1195–1209
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Bisno A. L., Collins C. M., Turner J. C. 1996; M proteins of group C streptococci isolated from patients with acute pharyngitis. J Clin Microbiol 34:2511–2515
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Carapetis J. R., Steer A. C., Mulholland E. K., Weber M. 2005; The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases. Lancet Infect Dis 5:685–694 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Collins C. M., Kimura A., Bisno A. L. 1992; Group G streptococcal M protein exhibits structural features analogous to those of class I M protein of group A streptococci. Infect Immun 60:3689–3696
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Colman G., Tanna A., Efstratiou A., Gaworzewska E. T. 1993; The serotypes of Streptococcus pyogenes present in Britain during 1980–1990 and their association with disease. J Med Microbiol 39:165–178 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Doktor S. Z., Beyer J. M., Flamm R. K., Shortridge V. D. 2005; Comparison of emm typing and ribotyping with three restriction enzymes to characterize clinical isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes . J Clin Microbiol 43:150–155 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Efstratiou A. 2000; Group A streptococci in the 1990s. J Antimicrob Chemother 45:3–12 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Ekelund K., Skinhoj P., Madsen J., Konradsen H. B. 2005; Reemergence of emm 1 and a changed superantigen profile for group A streptococci causing invasive infections: results from a nationwide study. J Clin Microbiol 43:1789–1796 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Enright M. C., Spratt B. G., Kalia A., Cross J. H., Bessen D. E. 2001; Multilocus sequence typing of Streptococcus pyogenes and the relationships between emm type and clone. Infect Immun 69:2416–2427 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Eriksson B. K., Norgren M., McGregor K., Spratt B. G., Henriques Normark B. 2003; Group A streptococcal infections in Sweden: a comparative study of invasive and noninvasive infections and analysis of dominant T28 emm 28 isolates. Clin Infect Dis 37:1189–1193 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Facklam R., Beall B., Efstratiou A. & 13 other authors; 1999; emm typing and validation of provisional M types for group A streptococci. Emerg Infect Dis 5:247–253 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Facklam R. F., Martin D. R., Lovgren M. & 8 other authors; 2002; Extension of the Lancefield classification for group A streptococci by addition of 22 new M protein gene sequence types from clinical isolates: emm 103 to emm 124. Clin Infect Dis 34:28–38 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Fischetti V. A. 1989; Streptococcal M protein: molecular design and biological behavior. Clin Microbiol Rev 2:285–314
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Green N. M., Beres S. B., Graviss E. A., Allison J. E., McGeer A. J., Vuopio-Varkila J., LeFebvre R. B., Musser J. M. 2005a; Genetic diversity among type emm 28 group A Streptococcus strains causing invasive infections and pharyngitis. J Clin Microbiol 43:4083–4091 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Green N. M., Zhang S., Porcella S. F., Nagiec M. J., Barbian K. D., Beres S. B., LeFebvre R. B., Musser J. M. 2005b; Genome sequence of a serotype M28 strain of group A Streptococcus : potential new insights into puerperal sepsis and bacterial disease specificity. J Infect Dis 192:760–770 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Hoe N. P., Nakashima K., Lukomski S. 15 other authors 1999; Rapid selection of complement-inhibiting protein variants in group A Streptococcus epidemic waves. Nat Med 5:924–929 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Ikebe T., Murai N., Endo M. 14 other authors 2003; Changing prevalent T serotypes and emm genotypes of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (TSLS) patients in Japan. Epidemiol Infect 130:569–572
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Johnson D. R., Kaplan E. L. 1993; A review of the correlation of T-agglutination patterns and M-protein typing and opacity factor production in the identification of group A streptococci. J Med Microbiol 38:311–315 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Johnson D. R., Stevens D. L., Kaplan E. L. 1992; Epidemiologic analysis of group A streptococcal serotypes associated with severe systemic infections, rheumatic fever, or uncomplicated pharyngitis. J Infect Dis 166:374–382 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Johnson D. R., Kaplan E. L., Sramek J., Bicova R., Havlicek J., Havlickova H. 1996 Laboratory diagnosis of group A streptococcal infections Geneva: World Health Organization;
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Johnson D. R., Kaplan E. L., VanGheem A., Facklam R. R., Beall B. 2006; Characterization of group A streptococci ( Streptococcus pyogenes ): correlation of M-protein and emm -gene type with T-protein agglutination pattern and serum opacity factor. J Med Microbiol 55:157–164 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Kaplan E. L., Wotton J. T., Johnson D. R. 2001; Dynamic epidemiology of group A streptococcal serotypes associated with pharyngitis. Lancet 358:1334–1337 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Lamagni T., Efstratiou A., Vuopio-Varkila J., Jasir A., Schalen C. 2005; The epidemiology of severe Streptococcus pyogenes associated disease in Europe. Euro Surveill 10:179–184
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Lancefield R. C. 1962; Current knowledge of type-specific M antigens of group A streptococci. J Immunol 89:307–313
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Li Z., Sakota V., Jackson D., Franklin A. R., Beall B. 2003; Array of M protein gene subtypes in 1064 recent invasive group A streptococcus isolates recovered from the active bacterial core surveillance. J Infect Dis 188:1587–1592 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Maxted W. R., Widdowson J. P. M., Fraser C. A. M., Ball L. C., Bassett D. C. J. 1973; The use of the serum opacity reaction in the typing of group A streptococci. J Med Microbiol 6:83–90 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  28. McGregor K. F., Spratt B. G., Kalia A., Bennett A., Bilek N., Beall B., Bessen D. E. 2004; Multilocus sequence typing of Streptococcus pyogenes representing most known emm types and distinctions among subpopulation genetic structures. J Bacteriol 186:4285–4294 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Moody M. D., Padula J., Lizana D., Hall C. T. 1965; Epidemiologic characterization of group A streptococci by T-agglutination and M-precipitation tests in the public health laboratory. Health Lab Sci 2:149–162
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Moses A. E., Hidalgo-Grass C., Dan-Goor M., Jaffe J., Shetzigovsky I., Ravins M., Korenman Z., Cohen-Poradosu R., Nir-Paz R. 2003; emm typing of M nontypeable invasive group A streptococcal isolates in Israel. J Clin Microbiol 41:4655–4659 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Muotiala A., Seppala H., Huovinen P., Vuopio-Varkila J. 1997; Molecular comparison of group A streptococci of T1M1 serotype from invasive and noninvasive infections in Finland. J Infect Dis 175:392–399 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  32. O'Brien K. L., Beall B., Barrett N. L. & 8 other authors; 2002; Epidemiology of invasive group A Streptococcus disease in the United States, 1995–1999. Clin Infect Dis 35:268–276 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Podbielski A., Melzer B., Lütticken R. 1991; Application of the polymerase chain reaction to study the M protein(-like) gene family in beta-hemolytic streptococci. Med Microbiol Immunol 180:213–227
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Raymond J., Schlegel L., Garnier F., Bouvet A. 2005; Molecular characterization of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates to investigate an outbreak of puerperal sepsis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 26:455–461 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Saunders N. A., Hallas G., Gaworzewska E. T., Metherell L., Efstratiou A., Hookey J. V., George R. C. 1997; PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and sequencing as an alternative to serology for M-antigen typing of Streptococcus pyogenes . J Clin Microbiol 35:2689–2691
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Seppala H., Vuopio-Varkila J., Osterblad M., Jahkola M., Rummukainen M., Holm S. E., Huovinen P. 1994; Evaluation of methods for epidemiologic typing of group A streptococci. J Infect Dis 169:519–525 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Shulman S. T., Tanz R. R., Kabat W. & 7 other authors; 2004; Group A streptococcal pharyngitis serotype surveillance in North America, 2000–2002. Clin Infect Dis 39:325–332 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Single L. A., Martin D. R. 1992; Clonal differences within M-types of the group A Streptococcus revealed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 70:85–89
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Strakova L., Motlova J., Jakubu V., Urbaskova P., Kriz P. 2005; Molecular analysis of selected Czech Group A Streptococcus strains. Poster at the XVIth Lancefield International Symposium on Streptococci and Streptococcal Diseases Cairns, Australia: 25–29 September 2005
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Tyrrell G. J., Lovgren M., Forwick B., Hoe N. P., Musser J. M., Talbot J. A. 2002; M types of group A streptococcal isolates submitted to the National Centre for Streptococcus (Canada) from 1993 to 1999. J Clin Microbiol 40:4466–4471 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.46690-0
Loading
emm typing of invasive T28 group A streptococci, 1995–2004, Finland
J. Med. Microbiol. 55, 1701 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.46690-0
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.46690-0
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.46690-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error