1887

Abstract

Summary

Thirty isolates from mixed dental plaque samples were classified into four groups on the basis of biotype, tetracycline susceptibility, phage type and serotype combinations. The organisms were from patients on haemodialysis, from staff of the dialysis unit, and from controls. Three biotypes were distinguished by seven biochemical tests: production of acid from inositol, sucrose and xylose; rapid or delayed production of acid from sorbitol; gelatin liquefaction; and production of alkaline phosphatase and -galactosidase. With a set of eight typing antisera for , 15 strains were non-typable, 12 were serotype 1 and three were serotype 19. With a set of 17 bacteriophages specific for , all of the oral isolates were typable; 40% were lysotype I and the remainder lysotype V. On the basis of biotype-serotype-phage-type combinations, indications of possible spread of strains between haemodialysis patients and dialysis unit staff were obtained. Biotyping and serotyping of 13 German isolates of of phage type I from four clinical sources and tripartite typing of three control strains provided additional evidence for the potential of biotyping in distinguishing between strains of identical serotype and phage type. One oral isolate of was of phage type XX. None of the oral isolates of , of which 14 exhibited delayed sorbitol fermentation, reacted with group-G streptococcal grouping reagents or antiserum. Slow sorbitol fermentation does not appear to be a definitive phenotypic marker for strains possessing antigens that react with both group-D and group-G grouping reagents.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-23-1-45
1987-02-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/23/1/medmicro-23-1-45.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-23-1-45&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Anhalt J. P., Washington J. A. 1980; Preparation and storage of antimicrobic solutions. In Lennette E. H. (eds) Manual of clinical microbiology 3rd edn American Society for Microbiology; Washington, D.C: p 495
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Barry A. L., Thornsberry C. 1980; Approximate minimal inhibitory concentrations of more susceptible strains among common bacterial pathogens. In Lennette E. H. (eds) Manual of clinical microbiology 3rd edn American Society for Microbiology; Washington D.C: p 498
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Birch B. R., Keaney M. G. L., Ganguli L. A. 1984; Streptococcus faecalis: group D or group G?. Lancet 1:856
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Birch B. R., Keaney M. G. L., Ganguli L. A., Siegrist H. H., Jacob A. E. 1985; Properties of Streptococcus faecalis possessing group G antigen. Abstracts of 2nd European Congress of Clinical Microbiology; Brighton: No. 21/6
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Brandis H., Pleceas P., Andries L. 1985; Die Typisierung von Streptococcus faecalis- und Streptococcus faecium-Stammen mit Bakteriophagen. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene I. Abteilung Originate, A 260:206–215
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Campbell J., McGowan D. A., Macfarlane T. W. 1983; The prevalence of enterococci in the dental plaque of chronic hospital patients. British Journal of Oral Surgery 21:171–174
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Caprioli T., Zaccour F., Kasatiya S. S. 1975; Phage typing scheme for group D streptococci isolated from human urogenital tract. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2:311–317
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Clewell D. B. 1981; Plasmids, drug resistance, and gene transfer in the genus Streptococcus. Microbiological Reviews 45:409–436
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Clewell D. B. 1985; Streptococcal conjugation: plasmids, sex pheromones, and conjugative transposons. In Mergenhagen S. E., Rosan B. (eds) Molecular basis of oral microbial adhesion American Society for Microbiology; Washington, D.C: p 194
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Collins M. D., Jones D. 1979; The distribution of isoprenoid quinones in streptococci of serological group D. In Parker M. T. (ed) Pathogenic streptococci, Proceedings of the VIIth International symposium on streptococci and streptococcal diseases Reedbooks Ltd; Chertsey, England: p 249
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Colman G., Ball L. C. 1984; Identification of streptococci in a medical laboratory. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 57:114
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Cowan S. T. 1974; Cowan and Steel’s Manual for the identification of medical bacteria. 2nd edn Cambridge University Press; Cambridge: p 51
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Cross A. S., Steigbigel R. T. 1976; Infective endocarditis and access site infections in patients on hemodialysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 55:453–466
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Deibel R. H. 1964; The group D streptococci. Bacteriological Reviews 28:330–366
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Dunny G. M., Clewell D. B. 1975; Transmissible toxin (hemolysin) plasmid in Streptococcus faecalis and its mobilisation of a noninfectious drug resistance plasmid. Journal of Bacteriology 124:784–790
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Edwards P. R., Ewing W. H. 1972; Identification of Enterobacteria- ceae. 3rd edn Burgess Publishing Company; Minneapolis:
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Engel H. W. B., VanEmbden J. D. A., VanKlingeren B., Soedirman N. 1979; Transferable drug resistance in group-A, -B and -D streptococci. In Parker M. T. (ed) Pathogenic streptococci, Proceedings of the VHth International symposium on streptococci and streptococcal diseases Reedbooks Ltd; Chertsey, England: p 282
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Facklam R. R. 1972; Recognition of group D streptococcal species of human origin by biochemical and physiological tests. Applied Microbiology 23:1131–1139
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Facklam R. R., Carey R. B. 1985; Streptococci and aerococci. In Lennette E. H. (eds) Manual of clinical microbiology 4th edn American Society for Microbiology; Washington D.C: p 154
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Feltham R. K. A. 1979; A taxonomic study of the genus Streptococcus. In Parker M. T. (ed) Pathogenic streptococci, Proceedings of the VIIth International symposium on streptococci and streptococcal diseases Reedbooks Ltd; Chertsey, England: p 247
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Gold O. G., Jordan H. V., VanHoute J. 1975; The prevalence of enterococci in the human mouth and their pathogenicity in animal models. Archives of Oral Biology 20:473–477
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Goodman J. S., Crews H. D., Ginn H. E., Koenig M. G. 1969; Bacterial endocarditis as a possible complication of chronic hemodialysis. New England Journal of Medicine 280:876–877
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Gross K. C., Houghton M. P., Senterfit L. B. 1975; Presumptive speciation of Streptococcus bovis and other group D streptococci from human sources by using arginine and pyruvate tests. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1:54–60
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Herman G., Hoch V. 1971; Phage-typing of group D streptococci. II. Isolation of supplementary phages for classification of enterococci untypable with Roumanian phages. Acta Mic- robiologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 18:101–104
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Hoch V., Herman G. 1971; Phage-typing of group D streptococci. I. Typing of enterococci with Roumanian phages. Acta Microbiologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 18:95–99
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Hopfer R. L., Pinzon R., Wenglar M., Rolston K. V. 1985; Enzyme release of antigen from Streptococcus faecalis and Listeria monocytogenes cross-reactive with Lancefield group G typing reagents. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 22:677–679
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Jacob A. E., Douglas G. J., Hobbs S. J. 1975; Self-transferable plasmids determining the hemolysin and bacteriocin of Streptococcus faecalis var. zymogenes. Journal of Bacteriology 121:863–872
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Jones D. 1978; Composition and differentiation of the genus Streptococcus. In Skinner F. A., Quesnel L. B. (eds) Streptococci, Society for Applied Bacteriology Symposium Series No. 7 Academic Press; London: p 1
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Jones D., Sackin M. J., Sneath P. H. A. 1972; A numerical taxonomic study of streptococci of serological group D. Journal of General Microbiology 72:439–450
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Kaback H. R. 1970; Transport. Annual Review of Biochemistry 39:561–598
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Kaye D. 1982; Enterococci: biologic and epidemiologic characteristics and in vitro susceptibility. Archives of Internal Medicine 142:2006–2009
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Mandell G. L. 1976; Enterococcal endocarditis. In Kaye D. (ed) Infective endocarditis University Park Press; Baltimore: p 101
    [Google Scholar]
  33. McKay L., Miller A., Sandine W. E., Elliker P. R. 1970; Mechanisms of lactose utilization by lactic acid streptococci: enzymatic and genetic analyses. Journal of Bacteriology 102:804–809
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Moiler V. 1955; Simplified tests for some amino acid decarboxylases and for the arginine dihydrolase system. Acta Patholo- gica et Microbiologica Scandinavica 36:158–172
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Natkin E. 1967; Isolation and host range of bacteriophages active against human oral streptococci. Archives of Oral Biology 12:669–680
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Parker M. T., Ball L. C. 1976; Streptococci and aerococci associated with systemic infection in man. Journal of Medical Microbiology 9:275–302
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Pleceas P. 1967; Typage serologique du Streptococcus faecalis. Archives Roumaines de Pathologie Experimentale et de Microbiologie 26:405–410
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Pleceas P. 1979; A phage-typing system for Streptococcus faecalis and Steptococcus faecium. In Parker M. T. (ed) Pathogenic streptococci, Proceedings of the VIIth International symposium on streptococci and streptococcal diseases Reed- books Ltd; Chertsey, England: p 264
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Pleceas P. 1982; Lysotyping of enterococci isolated from urinary tract infection cases. In Holm S. E., Christensen P. (eds) Basic concepts of streptococci and streptococcal diseases, Proceedings of the VIIIth International symposium on streptococci and streptococcal diseases Reedbooks Ltd; Chertsey, England: p 56
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Pleceas P., Brandis H. 1974a; Rapid group and species identification of enterococci by means of tests with pooled phages. Journal of Medical Microbiology 7:529–533
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Pleceas P., Brandis H. 1974b; Differenciation des principales especes de streptocoques du groupe D par les melanges de bacteriophages specifiques. Annales de Microbiologie (Institut Pasteur) 125B:463–470
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Pleceas P., Racovita C., Thomas E., Epuran E. 1968; Typage serologique des enterocoques isoles dans des cas d’infections urinaires. Archives Roumaines de Pathologie Experimentale et de Microbiologie 27:303–308
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Pleceas P., Bogdan C., Vereanu A. 1972; Enterocine-typing of group D streptococci. Zentralblattfur Bakteriologie, Mikro- biologie und Hygiene I. Abteilung Originale A 221:173–188
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Sharpe M. E., Shattock P. M. F. 1952; The serological typing of group D streptococci associated with outbreaks of neonatal diarrhoea. Journal of General Microbiology 6:150–165
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Shulman J. A. 1979; Streptococcus faecalis and other enterococci. In Mandell G. L. (eds) Principles and practice of infectious diseases John Wiley and Sons Inc; New York: p 1605
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Smyth C. J., Halpenny M. K., Ballagh S. 1986; Carriage rates of enterococci in the dental plaque of haemodialysis patients in Dublin. British Journal of Dental Surgery in press
    [Google Scholar]
  47. VanEmbden J. D. A., Engel H. W. B., VanKlingeren B. 1977; Drug resistance in group D streptococci of clinical and nonclinical origin: prevalence, transferability, and plasmid properties. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 11:925–932
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Washington J. A., Sutter V. L. 1980; Dilution susceptibility test: agar and macro-broth dilution procedures. In Lennette E. H. (eds) Manual of clinical microbiology 3rd Washington, D.C: p 453
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Williams N. B., Forbes M. A., Blau E., Eickenberg C. F. 1950; A study of the simultaneous occurrence of enterococci, lactobacilli, and yeasts in saliva from human beings. Journal of Dental Research 29:563–570
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Winkler K. C., VanAmerongen J. 1959; Bacteriologic results from 4000 root canal cultures. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology 12:857–875
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Wyler D. J., Golde D. W., Grausz H. 1972; Bacterial endocarditis in a patient with a saphenous vein graft A-V fistula receiving dental work. California Medicine 117:75–76
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-23-1-45
Loading
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-23-1-45
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error