1887

Abstract

Surmmary

Four lines of evidence suggest that the recent outbreak strains of O139 could have emerged from serogroup O1 strains typified by isolates M01 and M0477 described in this paper, which are neither truly classical nor truly E1 Tor in their biotype attributes. Firstly, like all O139 isolates, these O1 strains, isolated in Madras during and before the O139 outbreak, were resistant not only to polymyxin B but also to all biotype-specific choleraphages, i.e. classical phage Φ149 and E1 Tor phages e4 and e5. Secondly, the restriction fragment pattern (RFP) polymorphism displayed by these strains for the cholera toxin () gene, were identical with those produced by O139 isolates but were different from those of O1 type strains, namely 569B (classical) and MAK757 (E1 Tor). Thirdly, all the O139 isolates and the two O1 isolates carried an identical large number of copies of cholera toxin gene in their chromosomes. Finally, the outer-membrane protein profiles of strains M01 and M0477 were identical to those of O139 isolates but were different from those displayed by strains 569B and MAK757.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-42-1-20
1995-01-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/42/1/medmicro-42-1-20.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-42-1-20&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Ramamurthy T., Garg S., Sharma R. Emergence of novel strain of Vibrio cholerae with epidemic potential in southern and eastern India. Lancet 1993; 341:703–704
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Garg S., Saha P. K., Ramamurthy T. Nationwide prevalence of the new epidemic strain of Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 Bengal in India. J Infect 1993; 27:108–109
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Albert M. J., Siddique A. K., Islam M. S. Large outbreak of clinical cholera due to Vibrio cholerae non-Ol in Bangladesh. Lancet 1993; 341:704
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bhattacharya M. K., Bhattacharya S. K., Garg S. Outbreak of Vibrio cholerae non-Ol in India and Bangladesh. Lancet 1993; 341:1346–1347
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Shimada T., Nair G. B., Deb B. C., Albert M. J., Sack R. B., Takeda Y. Outbreak of Vibrio cholerae non-Ol in India and Bangladesh. Lancet 1993; 341:13–47
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Nair G. B., Takeda Y. Vibrio cholerae in disguise—a disturbing entity. World J Microbiol Biotech 1993; 9:399–400
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Das B., Ghosh R. K., Sharma C., Vasin N., Ghosh A. Tandem repeats of cholera toxin gene in Vibrio cholerae O139. Lancet 1993; 342:1173–1174
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Bhattacharya S. K., Bhattacharya M. K., Nair G. B. Clinical profile of acute diarrhoea cases infected with the new epidemic strains of Vibrio cholerae O139: designation of the disease as cholera. J Infect 1993; 27:11–15
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Bartos L. C., Murphy T. F. Comparison of the outer membrane proteins of 50 strains of Branhamella catarrhalis. J Infect Dis 1988; 158:761–765
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Speert D. P., Campbell M. E., Farmer S. W., Volpel K., Joffe A. M., Paranchych W. Use of a pilin gene probe to study molecular epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Clin Microbiol 1989; 27:2589–2593
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Kaper J. B., Bradford H. B., Roberts N. C., Falkow S. Molecular epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae in the U.S. Gulf Coast. J Clin Microbiol 982; 16:129–134
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Yam W. C., Lung M. L., Ng K. Y., Ng M. H. Molecular epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae in Hong Kong. J Clin Microbiol 1989; 27:1900–1902
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Yam W. C., Lung M. L., Ng M. H. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of Vibrio cholerae strains associated with a cholera outbreak in Hong Kong. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29:1058–1059
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Wachsmuth I. K., Evins G. M., Fields P. I. The molecular epidemiology of cholera in Latin America. J Infect Dis 1993; 167:621–626
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Nair G. B., Oku Y., Takeda Y. Toxin profiles of Vibrio cholerae non-Ol from environmental sources in Calcutta, India. Appl Environ Microbiol 1988; 54:3180–3182
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Nair G. B., Sarkar B. L., De S. P., Chakrabarti M. K., Bhadra R. K., Pal S. C. Ecology of Vibrio cholerae in the freshwater environs of Calcutta, India. Microb Ecol 1988; 15:203–215
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Bhattacharyya U., Ghosh A., Ghosh R. K. Structural organization of cholera toxin gene and its expression in an environmental non-pathogenic strain of Vibrio cholerae. J Biosci 1987; 11:231–238
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Sengupta D. K., Sengupta T. K., Ghose A. C. Major outer membrane proteins of Vibrio cholerae and their role in induction of protective immunity through inhibition of intestinal colonization. Infect Immun 1992; 60:4848–4855
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Mekalanos J. J. Duplication and amplification of toxin genes in Vibrio cholerae. Cell 1983; 35:253–263
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Ghosh R. K., Siddiqui K. A. I., Mukhopadhyay G., Ghosh A. Evidence that a system similar to the recA system of Escherichia coli exists in Vibrio cholerae. Mol Gen Genet 1985; 200:439–441
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Gennaro M. L., Greenaway P. J., Broadbent D. A. The expression of biologically active cholera toxin in Escherichia coli. Nucleic Acids Res 1982; 10:4883–4890
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Rigby P. W. J., Dieckmann M., Rhodes C., Berg P. Labelling deoxyribonucleic acid to high specific activity in vitro by nick translation with DNA polymerase I. J Mol Biol 1977; 113:237–251
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Mukerjee S. Principles and practice of typing V. cholerae. In Bergan T., Norris J. R. (eds) Methods in microbiology vol 12 London: Academic Press; 197851–115
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Nair G. B., Ramamurthy T., Garg S., Takeda T., Takeda Y. Characteristics of V. cholerae isolated from hospitalized patients with acute diarrhoea in Calcutta, India: a four year analysis. Lab Medica International X 199329–33
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Ilida T., Shreshtha J., Yamamoto K., Honda T. Cholera isolates in relation to the “eighth pandemic”. Lancet 1993; 342:926
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Van der Ploeg L. H. I., Cornelissen A. W. C. A., Michels P. A. M., Borst P. Chromosome rearrangements in Trypanosoma brucei. Cell 1984; 39:213–221
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Cholera Working Group, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh Large epidemic of choleralike disease in Bangladesh caused by Vibrio cholerae O139 synonym Bengal. Lancet 1993; 342:387–390
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Ward H. M., Morelli G., Kamke M. A physical map of the chromosomal region determining O-antigen biosynthesis in Vibrio cholerae 01. Gene 1987; 55:197–204
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Hisatsune K., Kondo S., Isshiki Y., Iguchi T., Kawamata Y., Shimada T. O-antigenic lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal, a new epidemic strain for recent cholera in the Indian subcontinent. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993; 196:1309–1315
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Roszak D. B., Colwell R. R. Survival strategies of bacteria in the natural environment. Microbiol Rev 1987; 51:365–379
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-42-1-20
Loading
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-42-1-20
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error