- Volume 66, Issue 4, 2016
Volume 66, Issue 4, 2016
- NOTIFICATION LIST
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- NEW TAXA
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- Actinobacteria
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Actinopolyspora salinaria sp. nov., a halophilic actinomycete isolated from solar saltern soil
The taxonomic position of the halophilic actinobacterial strain, HS05-03T, isolated from solar saltern soil, was determined using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain showed that it formed a distinct evolutionary lineage in the genus Actinopolyspora. The organism was most closely related to the type strains of the species Actinopolyspora xinjiangensis (98.0 % similarity), Actinopolyspora righensis (97.9 % similarity), Actinopolyspora lacussalsi (97.9 % similarity) and Actinopolyspora erythraea (97.8 % similarity). The whole-organism hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose, galactose and ribose. The predominant menaquinones were found to be MK-9(H4) and MK-10(H4). The acyl type of the peptidoglycan was N-acetyl. The diagnostic phospholipid detected was phosphatidylcholine. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69.9 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain HS05-03T and the type strains of the most closely related species were below the 70 % threshold. On the basis of the phenotypic and genotypic data, it is proposed that strain HS05-03T represents a novel species of the genus Actinopolyspora, with the name Actinopolyspora salinaria sp. nov. The type strain is HS05-03T ( = BCC 51286T = NBRC 109078T).
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Proposal of Sphaerimonospora cavernae gen. nov., sp. nov. and transfer of Microbispora mesophila ( Zhang et al., 1998 ) to Sphaerimonospora mesophila comb. nov. and Microbispora thailandensis ( Duangmal et al., 2012 ) to Sphaerimonospora thailandensis comb. nov.
The actinomycete strain N74T, isolated from cave soil, was studied using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain N74T formed a stable, distinct lineage cluster together with Microbispora thailandensis NN276T (99.3 % similarity) and Microbispora mesophila JCM 3151T (97.5 %). Strain N74T was observed to produce single spherical spores on aerial mycelium as reported for M. mesophila JCM 3151T and M. thailandensis NN276T but different from other known species of the genus Microbispora, which are characterized by pairs of spores on aerial hyphae. Multilocus sequence analyses based on concatenated partial gyrB, rpoB, atpD, recA and 16S rRNA gene sequences showed a clear distinction of strain N74T, M. mesophila JCM 3151T and M. thailandensis NN276T from other members of the genus Microbispora, although the chemotaxonomic characteristics of strain N74T were similar to the genus Microbispora; the cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell hydrolysate contained madurose as the diagnostic sugar. The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4). The fatty acid profile contained iso-C16 : 0. On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain N74T is assigned to a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Sphaerimonospora cavernae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Sphaerimonospora cavernae is N74T ( = BCC 77604T = NBRC 111481T). It is also proposed that M. mesophila and M. thailandensis be transferred to this genus as Sphaerimonospora mesophila comb. nov. (type strain JCM 3151T = NBRC 14179T = DSM 43048T) and Sphaerimonospora thailandensis comb. nov. (type strain NN276T = BCC 41490T = NBRC 107569T), respectively.
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Hamadaea flava sp. nov., isolated from a soil sample and emended description of the genus Hamadaea
A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and non-motile actinobacterial strain, designated YIM C0533T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Shiling county, Yunnan province, south-west China. The isolate grew at 15–37 °C, pH 6.0–8.0 and in the presence of 0–3 % (w/v) NaCl. The whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, xylose, galactose, mannose, ribose, arabinose, glucose and rhamnose. The acyl type of muramic acid was glycolyl. The polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and an unidentified phospholipid. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, 10-methyl C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0.MK-9(H6) was the predominant menaquinone. The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 69.4 mol%. These chemotaxonomic data and the morphological properties were consistent with those of the genus Hamadaea. The strain showed highest sequence similarities to Hamadaea tsunoensis CGMCC 4.1403T on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and was found to form a coherent cluster in the neighbour–joining tree. The DNA–DNA hybridization experiment indicated that the DNA–DNA relatedness value between strain YIM C0533T and H. tsunoensis CGMCC 4.1403T was 34.4 ± 1.3 %. In addition, the results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed the isolate to be differentiated phenotypically from H. tsunoensis CGMCC 4.1403T. On the basis of data from this polyphasic study, strain YIM C0533T is characterized as a novel species of the genus Hamadaea, for which the name Hamadaea flava sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM C0533T ( = CPCC 204160T = KCTC 39591T = CGMCC 4.7289T). An emended description of the genus Hamadaea is also provided.
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Allohumibacter endophyticus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the root of wild Artemisia princeps (mugwort)
More LessA novel actinobacterium designated strain MWE-A11T was isolated from the root of wild Artemisia princeps (mugwort). The isolate was aerobic, Gram-stain-positive and short rod-shaped, and the colonies were yellow and circular with entire margin. Strain MWE-A11T grew at 15–37 °C and pH 6.0–8.0. The predominant isoprenoid quinones were MK-11 and MK-10. The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the DNA G+C content was 68.8 mol%. The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified glycolipid. The peptidoglycan contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and the acyl type was glycolyl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain MWE-A11T was affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae, and was most closely related to the type strains of Humibacter antri (96.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Herbiconiux moechotypicola (96.3 %), Leifsonia soli (96.3 %), Leifsonia lichenia (96.2 %), Leifsonia xyli subsp. cynodontis (96.1 %), Microbacterium testaceum (96.0 %) and Humibacter albus (96.0 %). However, the combination of chemotaxonomic properties clearly distinguished strain MWE-A11T from the related taxa at genus level. Accordingly, Allohumibacter endophyticus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae. The type strain of the type species is MWE-A11T ( = JCM 19371T = KCTC 29232T).
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Description of Leucobacter holotrichiae sp. nov., isolated from the gut of Holotrichia oblita larvae
More LessA Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated T14T, was isolated from the gut of Holotrichia oblita larvae and was subjected to a taxonomic study. The isolate was rod-shaped, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming and yellow-pigmented. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison indicated that the isolate is related to the genus Leucobacter. Its closest neighbours were the type strains ‘Leucobacter kyeonggiensis’ F3-P9 (96.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.2 %) and Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (95.5 %). The DNA G+C content of strain T14T was 69.3 mol%, and DNA–DNA hybridization values with closely related strains were < 32 %. The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (49.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (16.4 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (16.8 %). The major polar lipids were aminolipid, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipid, phosphoglycolipid and unidentified glycolipids. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-11. Based on these phylogenetic and phenotypic results, strain T14T can be clearly distinguished from all of the recognized species of the genus Leucobacter and is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Leucobacter. The name Leucobacter holotrichiae sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain T14T ( = DSM 28968T = JCM 30245T).
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Tessaracoccus flavus sp. nov., isolated from the drainage system of a lindane-producing factory
More LessStrain RP1T, a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacterium, was isolated from drainage of India Pesticides Limited, a lindane-producing unit situated at Chinhat, Lucknow, India. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain RP1T belongs to the family Propionibacteriaceae and was closely related to the members of the genus Tessaracoccus with a similarity range of 95.4–97.6 %. Strain RP1T was facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and capable of nitrate reduction. Strain RP1T contained peptidoglycan type A3γ′, with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and glycine at position 1 of the peptide subunit. The major cellular fatty acid of strain RP1T was anteiso-C15 : 0 but a significant amount of iso-C14 : 0 was also detected. MK-9(H4) was the major respiratory quinone and polyamines detected were spermine and spermidine. The polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and two unknown phospholipids. The G+C content of the DNA was 66.7 mol%. The levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between RP1T and Tessaracoccus lubricantis KSS-17SeT, Tessaracoccus oleiagri SL014B-20A1T and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T were 49.8, 34.8 and 23.5 %, respectively. Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data presented, strain RP1T can be differentiated from previously described species of the genus Tessaracoccus, and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Tessaracoccus flavus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RP1T ( = DSM 100159T = MCC 2769T = KCTC 39686T).
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Nocardioides zeicaulis sp. nov., an endophyte actinobacterium of maize
More LessA Gram-stain-positive, aerobic organism was isolated as an endophyte from the stem tissue of healthy maize (Zea mays) and investigated in detail for its taxonomic position. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JM-601T was shown to be most closely related to Nocardioides alpinus (98.3 %), and Nocardioides ganghwensis (98.0 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other species of the genus Nocardioides was ≤ 98.0 %. The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. The major quinone of strain JM-601T was menaquinone MK-8(H4). The polar lipid profile revealed the major components diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine and an unidentified phospholipid. The polyamine pattern contained predominantly spermine and moderate amounts of spermidine. In the fatty acid profile, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and 10-methyl C17 : 0 were present in major amounts. All these data support the allocation of the strain to the genus Nocardioides. The results of physiological and biochemical characterization allow in addition a phenotypic differentiation of strain JM-601T from N. alpinus and N. ganghwensis. Strain JM-601T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which we propose the name Nocardioides zeicaulis sp. nov., with JM-601T ( = CCM 8654T = CIP 110980T) as the type strain.
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Dermabacter vaginalis sp. nov., isolated from human vaginal fluid
More LessA novel actinobacterial strain, AD1-86T, was isolated from the vaginal fluid of a Korean female and was characterized by a polyphasic approach. The strain was a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative short rod. Colonies were creamy white, of low convexity and 1–2 mm in diameter after growth on DSM 92 agar plates at 37 °C for 2 days. The most closely related strains were Dermabacter hominis DSM 7083T and Helcobacillus massiliensis 6401990T (98.3 and 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). The isolate grew optimally at 37 °C and pH 7 in the presence of 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose, galactose and glucose. The DNA G+C content was 62.6 mol% and the mean DNA–DNA relatedness value of the isolate to D. hominis DSM 7083T was 31.1 ± 3.0 % (reciprocal: 48.2 ± 5.3 %). The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the menaquinones were MK-9, MK-8 and MK-7. The polar lipid profile of strain AD1-86T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two aminolipids and a glycolipid. Data from this polyphasic study indicate that strain AD1-86T represents a novel species of the genus Dermabacter, for which the name Dermabacter vaginalis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is AD1-86T ( = KCTC 39585T = DSM 100050T).
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Arthrobacter echini sp. nov., isolated from the gut of a purple sea urchin, Heliocidaris crassispina
A novel strain, designated AM23T, was isolated from the gut of a purple sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina collected from the coastal waters of the Korean island Dokdo. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain AM23T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter in the family Micrococcaceae and shared highest sequence similarity with Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550T (98.77 %). Strain AM23T was catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and grew optimally at 20 °C, in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7. The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, strictly aerobic and coccus-shaped bacterium. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The polar lipids of strain AM23T were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unidentified glycolipid and four unidentified lipids. The components of the cell-wall peptidoglycan were lysine, glutamic acid and alanine and the predominant cell-wall sugars were galactose, mannose, rhamnose and ribose. The major respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-9(H2). The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol% and the DNA–DNA hybridization values showed the strain shared less than 29 % genomic relatedness with A. agilis DSM 20550T. The results of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and genotypic analysis indicate that strain AM23T represents a novel species in the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter echini sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AM23T ( = KACC 18260T = DSM 29493T).
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Ornithinicoccus halotolerans sp. nov., and emended description of the genus Ornithinicoccus
A halotolerant actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 80423T, was isolated from a desert soil of Xinjiang, north-west China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. Strain EGI 80423T grew at pH 7.0–10.0 and with 0–14.0 % (w/v) NaCl, optimally at pH 8.0–9.0 and with 2.0–4.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Cells of strain EGI 80423T were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile cocci with diameters of 0.6–0.8 μm. The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was ornithine, and the interpeptide bridge was Orn ← Glu. The major fatty acids identified were iso-C17 : 1ω9c, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4), while the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids, two unknown glycolipids, six unknown phosphoglycolipids and five unknown polar lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EGI 80423T clustered with the single member of the genus Ornithinicoccus. Sequence similarity between strain EGI 80423T and Ornithinicoccus hortensis NBRC 16434T. Because the type strain has been provided by NBRC, Japan was 97.7 %. The DNA–DNA relatedness value between strain EGI 80423T and O. hortensis NBRC 16434T was 36.84 %. Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, and DNA–DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 80423T represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinicoccus, for which the name Ornithinicoccus halotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EGI 80423T ( = CGMCC 1.14989T = KCTC 39700T). The description of the genus Ornithinicoccus has also been emended.
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Nocardia camponoti sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from the head of an ant (Camponotus japonicas Mayr)
A novel actinomycete, designated strain 1H-HV4T, was isolated from the head of Camponotus japonicas Mayr, which was collected from Northeast Agriculture University (Harbin, Heilongjiang, China). Chemotaxonomic properties of this strain were consistent with those of members of the genus Nocardia. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and whole-cell sugars were galactose, glucose and arabinose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4,ω-cycl). The phospholipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. The major fatty acids were identified as C18 : 0 10-methyl, C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C16 : 1ω7c. Mycolic acids were found to be present. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis also showed that strain 1H-HV4T was a member of the genus Nocardia, with the highest sequence similarities to Nocardia salmonicida JCM 4826T (97.39 %), Nocardia soli JCM 11441T (97.12 %) and Nocardia cummidelens JCM 11439T (97.08 %). 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to type strains of other members of the genus Nocardia were less than 97 %. However, DNA–DNA relatedness values and phenotypic data demonstrated that strain1H-HV4T was clearly distinguished from all closely related species of the genus Nocardia. It is concluded that the isolate can be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia camponoti is proposed. The type strain is 1H-HV4T ( = DSM 100526T = CGMCC 4.7278T).
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- Firmicutes and Related Organisms
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Cohnella saccharovorans sp. nov., isolated from ginseng soil
More LessA novel bacterial strain, CJ22T, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field located in Anseong, Korea. Cells of strain CJ22T were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, motile, oxidase- and catalase-positive and rod-shaped. The isolate grew optimally at pH 7 and 30 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain CJ22T belonged to the genus Cohnella, displaying highest sequence similarity of 97.3 % with Cohnella panacarvi Gsoil 349T. DNA–DNA relatedness between strain CJ22T and its closest relative was 35.5 % (reciprocal value, 23.8 %). The phenotypic features of strain CJ22T also distinguished it from related species of the genus Cohnella. The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified aminophospholipids. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CJ22T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 63.1 mol%. Based on data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain CJ22T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella saccharovorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CJ22T ( = KACC 17501T = JCM 19227T).
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Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov., sp. nov., an alkane-degrading, anaerobic bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system, and emended descriptions of Natranaerovirga pectinivora and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica
A strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, syntrophic, alkane-degrading strain, L81T, was isolated from a biofilm sampled from a black smoker chimney at the Loki's Castle vent field. Cells were straight, rod-shaped, Gram-positive-staining and motile. Growth was observed at pH 6.2–9.5, 14–42 °C and 0.5–6 % (w/w) NaCl, with optima at pH 7.0–8.2, 37 °C and 3 % (w/w) NaCl. Proteinaceous substrates, sugars, organic acids and hydrocarbons were utilized for growth. Thiosulfate was used as an external electron acceptor during growth on crude oil. Strain L81T was capable of syntrophic hydrocarbon degradation when co-cultured with a methanogenic archaeon, designated strain LG6, isolated from the same enrichment. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain L81T is affiliated with the family Lachnospiraceae, and is most closely related to the type strains of Natranaerovirga pectinivora (92 % sequence similarity) and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica (90 %). The major cellular fatty acids of strain L81T were C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0, and the profile was distinct from those of the species of the genus Natranaerovirga. The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 31.7 mol%. Based on our phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results, strain L81T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Lachnospiraceae, for which we propose the name Abyssivirga alkaniphila gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Abyssivirga alkaniphila is L81T ( = DSM 29592T = JCM 30920T). We also provide emended descriptions of Natranaerovirga pectinivora and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica.
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‘Candidatus Phytoplasma cirsii’, a novel taxon from creeping thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.]
More LessCreeping thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] and dahlia (Dahlia sp.) plants showing typical symptoms of phytoplasma infection including yellowing, stunting, inflorescence and proliferation, were sampled; the presence of phytoplasma was confirmed by standard PCR using universal primers. RFLP analysis allowed classification of the detected phytoplasma strains CirYS, CirYS1 and DahlP within the 16SrXI group, the unique restriction profile F2nR2 fragment obtained in silico by iPhyClassifier indicated that they belong to the new 16SrXI-E subgroup. Genetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the studied strains shared less than 97.5 % similarity with all of the previously described ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ species. The closest relatives are ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma cynodontis’ and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma oryzae’ with 96.8 % and 96.6 % similarity. All strains studied bear three specific regions in the 16S rRNA gene, discriminating them from the other phytoplasma species. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA and secA genes confirmed this specificity, as the creeping thistle and dahlia phytoplasma strains clustered in a distinguishable lineage group. The uniqueness of the genetic analysis agrees with the biological characterization of the studied phytoplasma strains, their host range, and geographical distribution. The strains only infect dicotyledonous plants in Europe, contrary to their closest relatives. Based on their unique properties, it could be concluded that the studied phytoplasma strains represent a discrete group that is proposed as a novel taxon ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma cirsii’, with strain CirYS as a reference strain.
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Virgibacillus kapii sp. nov., isolated from Thai shrimp paste (Ka-pi)
More LessA Gram-reaction-positive and rod-shaped bacterium, designated KN3-8-4T, was isolated from shrimp paste collected from a market in Nakhon Sri Thammarat province, Thailand. Strain KN3-8-4T was a strictly aerobic, motile bacterium that produced ellipsoidal endospores at a terminal position. The isolate grew at pH 4.5–10 (optimum pH 7.5), at 11–42 °C (optimum 37 °C) and in the presence of 0–15 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1–5 %). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KN3-8-4T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and showed highest similarity with Virgibacillus olivae JCM 30551T (97.85 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. Strain KN3-8-4T contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids and had phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one glycolipid as polar lipids. The DNA G+C content was 43.5 mol%. Strain KN3-8-4T showed low DNA–DNA relatedness (20.44 %) with V. olivae JCM 30551T. On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data and phylogenetic analyses, strain KN3-8-4T represents a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus for which the name Virgibacillus kapii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KN3-8-4T ( = JCM 30071T = LMG 28282T = TISTR 2279T = PCU 345T).
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Paenibacillus periandrae sp. nov., isolated from nodules of Periandra mediterranea
A bacterial strain designated PM10T was isolated from root nodules of Periandra mediterranea in Brazil. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus vulneris CCUG 53270T and Paenibacillus yunnanensis YN2T with 95.6 and 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. The isolate was a Gram-stain-variable, motile, sporulating rod that was catalase-negative and oxidase-positive. Caseinase was positive, amylase was weakly positive and gelatinase was negative. Growth was supported by many carbohydrates and organic acids as carbon sources. MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major fatty acid. Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified lipids. meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. The DNA G+C content was 52.9 mol%. Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain PM10T should be considered representative of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus periandrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PM10T ( = LMG 28691T = CECT 8827T).
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- Proteobacteria
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Taibaiella coffeisoli sp. nov., isolated from the soil of a coffee plantation
A Gram-stain-negative, obligately aerobic, non-motile, non-sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium, designated TZCO2T, was isolated from the soil of an irrigated coffee plantation in Arusha, Tanzania, East Africa. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that the isolate is affiliated with the genus Taibaiella in the family Chitinophagaceae. Its closest relative is Taibaiella koreensis THG-DT86T (96.7 %). The pH and temperature ranges for growth were pH 6.0–8.5 (optimum 7.0–7.5) and 10–35 °C (optimum 30 °C, respectively. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (32.4 %), iso-C15 : 1 G (22.6 %), iso-C17 : 0 (15.1 %) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (10.0 %) The only isoprenoid quinone detected in strain TZCO2T was menaquinone-7 (MK-7); the major polar lipids were phosphoaminolipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified aminolipids and lipids. The DNA G+C content was 51.9 mol%. Physiological and chemotaxonomic data further confirmed that strain TZCO2T is distinct from other members of the genus Taibaiella. Thus, strain TZCO2T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus, for which the name Taibaiella coffeisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TZCO2T ( = NCAIM B 02601T = CCM 8601T).
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Rhizobium ipomoeae sp. nov., isolated from a water convolvulus field
More LessA bacterial strain, designated shin9-1T, was isolated from a water sample taken from a water convolvulus field in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomical approach. Cells of strain shin9-1T were aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and surrounded by a thick capsule and formed cream-coloured colonies. Growth occurred at 10–45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), with 0–3.0 % NaCl (optimum, 0.5 %) and at pH 7.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). Strain shin9-1T did not form nodules on a legume plant, Macroptilium atropurpureum, and the nodulation genes nodA, nodC and the nitrogenase reductase gene nifH were not detected by PCR. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and three housekeeping gene sequences (recA, atpD and rpoB) showed that strain shin9-1T belonged to the genus Rhizobium. Strain shin9-1T had the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to Rhizobium daejeonense L61T (97.6 %). The major fatty acid of strain shin9-1T was C18 : 1ω7c. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and several uncharacterized lipids. The DNA G+C content was 58.3 mol%. The DNA–DNA relatedness of strain shin9-1T with respect to recognized species of the genus Rhizobium was less than 70 %. Phenotypic characteristics of the novel strain also differed from those of the most closely related species of the genus Rhizobium. On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain shin9-1T should be classified as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Rhizobium ipomoeae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is shin9-1T ( = LMG 27163T = KCTC 32148T).
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Reclassification of Achromobacter spiritinus Vandamme et al. 2013 as a later heterotypic synonym of Achromobacter marplatensis Gomila et al. 2011
A repeat multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) of concatenated nusA, eno, rpoB, gltB, lepA, nuoL and nrdA sequences of strains classified as Achromobacter marplatensis was performed. The results revealed that earlier reported sequence data of the proposed type strain were erroneous, and that the corrected concatenated sequence divergence between the A. marplatensis LMG 26219T ( = CCUG 56371T) sequence type and that of strains of Achromobacter spiritinus was well below the 2.1 % threshold value that delineates species of the genus Achromobacter. These results therefore demonstrated that strains which were classified as A. spiritinus should be reclassified as A. marplatensis and that the name Achromobacter spiritinus should no longer be used. An emendation of the description of Achromobacter marplatensis is warranted.
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Thalassobius litorarius sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium, belonging to the family Rhodobacteraceae, designated strain MME-075T, was isolated from a tidal flat. Strain MME-075T grew with 1–5 % (w/v) NaCl at 20–35 °C and at pH 7–9. Optimal growth occurred with 2 % (w/v) NaCl at 25–30 °C and at pH 7. The dominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10, whereas summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), 11-methyl C18 : 1ω7c, and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified lipid. The genomic DNA G+C content was 62.1 mol%. The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values were between strain MME-075T and Thalassobius aestuarii, Thalassococcus lentus, Thalassobius maritimus and Shimia marina and were 97.6, 97.5, 97.2 and 96.2 %, respectively. Neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain MME-075T clustered with species of the genus Thalassobius. Based on phenotypic and phylogenetic taxonomic properties, this strain is proposed as a representative of a novel species of the genus Thalassobius, for which the name Thalassobius litorarius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MME-075T ( = KCCM 43143T = JCM 30758T).
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Taxonomy of haemolytic and/or proteolytic strains of the genus Acinetobacter with the proposal of Acinetobacter courvalinii sp. nov. (genomic species 14 sensu Bouvet & Jeanjean), Acinetobacter dispersus sp. nov. (genomic species 17), Acinetobacter modestus sp. nov., Acinetobacter proteolyticus sp. nov. and Acinetobacter vivianii sp. nov.
We aimed to define the taxonomic status of 40 haemolytic and/or proteolytic strains of the genus Acinetobacter which were previously classified into five putative species termed as genomic species 14BJ (n = 9), genomic species 17 (n = 9), taxon 18 (n = 7), taxon 19 (n = 6) and taxon 20 (n = 9). The strains were recovered mostly from human clinical specimens or soil and water ecosystems and were highly diverse in geographical origin and time of isolation. Comparative analysis of the rpoB and gyrB gene sequences of all strains, and the whole-genome sequences of selected strains, showed that these putative species formed five respective, well-supported clusters within a distinct clade of the genus Acinetobacter which typically, although not exclusively, encompasses strains with strong haemolytic activity. The whole-genome-based average nucleotide identity (ANIb) values supported the species status of each of these clusters. Moreover, the distinctness and coherence of the clusters were supported by whole-cell profiling based on MALDI-TOF MS. Congruent with these findings were the results of metabolic and physiological testing. We conclude that the five putative taxa represent respective novel species, for which the names Acinetobacter courvalinii sp. nov. (type strain ANC 3623T = CCUG 67960T = CIP 110480T = CCM 8635T), Acinetobacter dispersus sp. nov. (type strain ANC 4105T = CCUG 67961T = CIP 110500T = CCM 8636T), Acinetobacter modestus sp. nov. (type strain NIPH 236T = CCUG 67964T = CIP 110444T = CCM 8639T), Acinetobacter proteolyticus sp. nov. (type strain NIPH 809T = CCUG 67965T = CIP 110482T = CCM 8640T) and Acinetobacter vivianii sp. nov. (type strain NIPH 2168T = CCUG 67967T = CIP 110483T = CCM 8642T) are proposed.
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Marinomonas spartinae sp. nov., a novel species with plant-beneficial properties
Two strains of Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, aerobic and halophilic gammaproteobacteria, isolated from within the stem and roots of Spartina maritima in salt marshes from the south Atlantic Spanish coast, were found to represent a novel species in the genus Marinomonas through phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA genes and phenotypic characterization. 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains shared < 96.2 % similarity with other Marinomonas species, with Marimonas alcarazii being the most similar in sequence. They required sodium ions for growth, were able to thrive at low (4 °C) temperatures and at salinities of 12–15 %, were unable to hydrolyse any tested macromolecule except casein, and grew with different monosaccharides, disaccharides, sugar alcohols, organic acids and amino acids. The novel species differed from other Marinomonas species in the use of several sole carbon sources, its temperature and salinity ranges for growth, ion requirements and cellular fatty acid composition, which included C16 : 0, C16 : 1 and C18 : 1 as major components and C10 : 0 3-OH, C12 : 0 and C12 : 0 3-OH as minor components. The name Marinomonas spartinae sp. nov. is proposed, with SMJ19T ( = CECT 8886T = KCTC 42958T) as the type strain.
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Marinobacterium aestuariivivens sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, motile, aerobic, rod- or ovoid-shaped bacterium, designated DB-1T, was isolated from a tidal flat on the Yellow Sea in South Korea and subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Strain DB-1T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 0.5–2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DB-1T falls within the clade comprising species of the genus Marinobacterium, clustering coherently with the type strain of Marinobacterium nitratireducens and showing a sequence similarity value of 98.4 %. The novel strain exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 91.5–94.4 % to the type strains of other species of the genus Marinobacterium. Strain DB-1T contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain DB-1T were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified glycolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain DB-1T was 62.3 mol% and the mean DNA–DNA relatedness value with the type strain of M. nitratireducens was 21 ± 4.6 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain DB-1T is separated from recognized species of the genus Marinobacterium. On the basis of the data presented, strain DB-1T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Marinobacterium, for which the name Marinobacterium aestuariivivens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DB-1T ( = KCTC 42778T = NBRC 111756T).
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Psychrobacter glaciei sp. nov., isolated from the ice core of an Arctic glacier
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, non-pigmented, oxidase- and catalase-positive bacterial strain, designated BIc20019T, was isolated from the ice core of Austre Lovénbreen in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. The temperature and NaCl ranges for growth were 4–34 °C (optimum, 25–29 °C) and 0–8 % (w/v) (optimum, 2–4 %). Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BIc20019T belonged to the genus Psychrobacter and was closely related to Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4T, Psychrobacter cryohalolentis K5T, ‘Psychrobacter fjordensis’ BSw21516B, Psychrobacter fozii LMG 21280T, Psychrobacter luti LMG 21276T and Pyschrobacter okhotskensis MD17T at greater than 99 % similarity. Phylogenetic analysis based on gyrB gene sequences revealed highest similarity (93.6 %) to P. okhotskensis MD17T. However, DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA–DNA relatedness ( < 59 %) between strain BIc20019T and its closest relatives. Strain BIc20019T contained ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) as the predominant respiratory quinone, and C18 : 1ω9c and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) as the major fatty acids. It had a DNA G+C content of 46.3 mol%. The polar lipid profile of strain BIc20019T was mainly composed of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol. Owing to the differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and gyrB gene sequences, and DNA–DNA relatedness data, the isolate merits classification within a novel species for which the name Psychrobacter glaciei sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BIc20019T ( = KCTC 42280T = CCTCC AB 2014019T).
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Terasakiella brassicae sp. nov., isolated from the wastewater of a pickle-processing factory, and emended descriptions of Terasakiella pusilla and the genus Terasakiella
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, motile, polyhydroxybutyrate-accumulating, aerobic, S-shaped bacterium, designated B3T, was isolated from the wastewater of a pickle-processing factory. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that it was most closely related to the type strain, Terasakiella pusilla (96.6 % similarity). Strain B3T was able to grow at 4–40 °C (optimum 32–37 °C), pH 5.5–9.0 (optimum 6.5–7.5) and with 0.5–8 % (w/v) NaCl present (optimum 1–2 %, w/v). Chemotaxonomic analysis showed that the respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10, the major fatty acids included C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω7c and C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15:2-OH. The major polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, aminophospholipid and three uncharacterized phospholipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain B3T was 42.3 mol%. The DNA–DNA relatedness value between B3T and T. pusilla DSM 9263T was 23.9 %. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics of strain B3T, it represents a novel species of the genus Terasakiella, for which the name Terasakiella brassicae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is B3T ( = KCTC 42652T = CGMCC 1.15254T). Emended descriptions of T. pusilla and the genus Terasakiella are also presented.
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Aquisalinus flavus gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Parvularculaceae isolated from a saline lake
More LessA Gram-stain-negative bacterium, strain D11M-2T, was isolated from a saline lake (Lake Dasugan) in Qaidam basin, Qinghai Province, China. Its taxonomic position was determined by using a polyphasic approach. Cells were non-spore-forming rods, 0.5–0.7 μm wide and 1.2–1.6 μm long, and motile by means of a single subpolar or lateral flagellum. Strain D11M-2T was strictly heterotrophic and aerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-positive. Growth was observed in the presence of 0–14.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.0 %), and at 10–35 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and pH 6.0–10.5 (optimum, pH 8.0). Strain D11M-2T contained Q-10 and Q-11 as the respiratory quinones and three unknown glycolipids as the major polar lipids. The major cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c) and C16 : 0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain D11M-2T belonged to the family Parvularculaceae and formed a separate lineage that was independent of the two genera within the family Parvularculaceae. Strain D11M-2T exhibited 92.8–93.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to members of the genus Parvularcula (highest to Parvularcula bermudensis HTCC 2503T), and 90.2 % to a member of the genus Amphiplicatus. The DNA G+C content was 59 mol% (T m). Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain D11M-2T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Parvularculaceae, for which the name Aquisalinus flavus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Aquisalinus flavus is D11M-2T ( = CGMCC 1.12921T = KCTC 42673T).
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Microbulbifer rhizosphaerae sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of the halophyte Arthrocnemum macrostachyum
A novel, salt-dependent, non-motile, rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative and non-endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain Cs16bT, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Arthrocnemum macrostachyum, a halophytic plant at the Lebrija marshes (Seville, Spain). Strain Cs16bT was catalase- and oxidase-positive, and able to hydrolyse casein. Growth occurred from 15–40 °C, at pH 6.0–10.0 and with 1–6 % (w/v) NaCl. Q-8 was identified as the major ubiquinone and the predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1 cis8, iso-C11 : 0 3-OH, iso-C17 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and iso-C11 : 0.The polar lipids profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycophospholipids, an unknown aminoglycophospholipid, an unknown aminophospholipid and an unknown phospholipid. The 16S rRNA gene of strain Cs16bT showed 98.1 %, 97.8 %, and 97.6 % sequence similarity with Microbulbifer maritimus CIP 108504T, Microbulbifer taiwanensis DSM 24146T and Microbulbifer gwangyangensis JCM 17800T, respectively. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic features, it is concluded that strain Cs16bT represents a novel species of the genus Microbulbifer, for which the name Microbulbifer rhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Cs16bT ( = DSM 28920T = CECT 8799T).
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Luteimonas tolerans sp. nov., isolated from hexachlorocyclohexane-contaminated soil
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented bacterial strain (UM1T) was isolated from the hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH)-contaminated dumpsite located at Ummari village in Lucknow, India. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain UM1T belongs to the genus Luteimonas with Luteimonas aestuarii B9T as the closest neighbour (97.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The DNA G+C content of strain UM1T was 64.3 mol%. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG). Main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C11 : 0, iso-C11 : 0 3-OH, iso-C17 : 0 and summed feature 9 (C16 : 0 10-methyl and/or iso-C17 : 1ω9c). Ubiquinone (Q-8) was the only respiratory quinone. Spermidine was detected as the major polyamine. The DNA–DNA relatedness value of strain UM1T with respect to its closest neighbour Luteimonas aestuarii B9T was well below 70 % (∼49 %). Thus, data obtained from phylogenetic analysis, DNA–DNA hybridization, and chemotaxonomical and biochemical analyses supports classification of strain UM1T as representative of a novel species of the genus Luteimonas, for which the name Luteimonas tolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is UM1T ( = DSM 28473T = MCC 2572T = KCTC 42936T).
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Celeribacter persicus sp. nov., a polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from mangrove soil
A Gram-stain-negative, mesophilic bacterial strain, designated SBU1T, which degrades polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was isolated from the sediments of the mangrove forests of Nayband Bay in the Iranian Persian Gulf during a bioremediation experiment. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SBU1T exhibited highest similarities with Celeribacter indicus P73T (98.52 %) and Celeribacter neptunius H 14T (97.05 %). Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, demonstrated that strain SBU1T fell within a cluster consisting of the type strains of species of the genus Celeribacter and formed a stable clade with C. indicus P73T in trees generated with three algorithms. The fatty acid profile of strain SBU1T consisted of the major fatty acids C18 : 1ω7c/ω6c and C18 : 1ω7c 11-methyl. The major compounds in the polar lipid profile were one phosphatidylglycerol and four unidentified phospholipids. The quinone system exclusively comprised ubiquinone (Q-10). The DNA G+C content was 60.4 mol%. A combination of phylogenetic analysis, DNA–DNA hybridization estimation, average nucleotide identity results and differential phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics demonstrated that strain SBU1T could be distinguished from its close relatives. Therefore, strain SBU1T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Celeribacter for which the name Celeribacter persicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SBU1T ( = MCCC 1A00672T = DSM 100434T).
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- Bacteroidetes
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Apibacter mensalis sp. nov.: a rare member of the bumblebee gut microbiota
More LessIsolates LMG 28357T ( = R-53146T) and LMG 28623 were obtained from gut samples of Bombus lapidarius bumblebees caught in Ghent, Belgium. They had identical 16S rRNA gene sequences which were 95.7 % identical to that of Apibacter adventoris wkB301T, a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae. Both isolates had highly similar matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles. A draft genome sequence was obtained for strain LMG 28357T (Gold ID Gp0108260); its DNA G+C content was 30.4 %, which is within the range reported for members of the family Flavobacteriaceae (27 to 56 mol%) and which is similar to that of the type strain of A. adventoris (29.0 mol%). Whole-cell fatty acid methyl ester analysis of strain LMG 28357T revealed many branched-chain fatty acids, a typical characteristic of bacteria of the family Flavobacteriaceae and a profile that was similar to that reported for A. adventoris wkB301T. MK6 was the major respiratory quinone, again conforming to bacteria of the family Flavobacteriaceae. The isolates LMG 28357T and LMG 28623 could be distinguished from A. adventoris strains through their oxidase activity. On the basis of phylogenetic, genotypic and phenotypic data, we propose to classify both isolates as representatives of a novel species of the genus Apibacter, Apibacter mensalis sp. nov., with LMG 28357T ( = DSM 100903T = R-53146T) as the type strain.
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Flavobacterium brevivitae sp. nov., isolated from river water
More LessA bacterial strain, designated TTM-43T, was isolated from a water sample taken from the Caohu River in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells of strain TTM-43T were Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, motile by gliding, rod-shaped and surrounded by a thick capsule. The strain formed bright-yellow colonies. Growth occurred at 15–30 °C (optimum, 20 °C), at pH 5–9 (optimum, pH 6) and with 0–0.3 % NaCl (optimum growth in the absence of added NaCl). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TTM-43T belonged to the genus Flavobacterium and was most closely related to Flavobacterium terrae R2A1-13T, with 97.8 % sequence similarity. Strain TTM-43T contained iso-C15 : 0 (24.9 %), iso-C15 : 1 G (12.6 %), summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or 10-methyl C16 : 0; 12.2 %), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (10.9 %), iso-C15 : 0 3-OH (7.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (6.7 %) as the predominant fatty acids. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-6. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine and several uncharacterized aminophospholipids and phospholipids. The major polyamine was homospermidine. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain TTM-43T was 31 mol%. DNA–DNA relatedness of strain TTM-43T with respect to type strains of recognized species of the genus Flavobacterium was less than 70 %. On the basis of phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain TTM-43T should be assigned to a novel species, for which the name Flavobacterium brevivitae sp. nov. is presented. The type strain is TTM-43T ( = BCRC 80913T = KCTC 42744T = LMG 29004T).
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Mucilaginibacter carri sp. nov., isolated from a car air conditioning system
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, pink bacterial strain, designated PR0008KT, was isolated from an automobile evaporator core in Korea. The cells were obligately aerobic and rod-shaped. The strain grew at 10–40 °C (optimum, 20 °C), at pH 5–8 (optimum, 7), and in the presence of 0–1.5 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetically, the strain was closely related to members of the genus Mucilaginibacter (93.4–97.0 % 16S rRNA sequence similarities) and showed a high sequence similarity with Mucilaginibacter litoreus BR-18T, Mucilaginibacter lutimaris BR-3T and Mucilaginibacter soli R9-65T (97.0 %, 96.9 % and 96.9 % 16S rRNA sequence similarity, respectively). It contained summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids and MK-7 as the major menaquinone. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unknown aminophospholipid, two unknown aminolipids and two unknown polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of this strain was 47.4 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain PR0008KT represents a novel species in the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter carri sp. nov. ( = KACC 17938T = NBRC 111539T) is proposed.
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Pontibacter amylolyticus sp. nov., isolated from a deep-sea sediment hydrothermal vent field
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, short rod-shaped bacterium, designated 9-2T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a hydrothermal vent field on the south-west Indian Ridge. It formed red colonies, produced carotenoid-like pigments and did not produce bacteriochlorophyll a. Strain 9-2T was positive for hydrolysis of DNA, gelatin and starch, but negative for hydrolysis of aesculin and Tween 60. The sole respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The main polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified polar lipids. The principal fatty acids (>5 %) were summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The genomic DNA G+C content was 49.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 9-2T should be assigned to the genus Pontibacter. Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the new isolate and the type strains of Pontibacter species with validly published names were in the range 94.0–96.5 %. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain 9-2T represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacter, for which the name Pontibacter amylolyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 9-2T ( = CGMCC 1.12749T = JCM 19653T = MCCC 1K00278T).
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Niastella vici sp. nov., isolated from farmland soil
More LessStrain DJ57T is a Gram-reaction-negative, filamentous-shaped, non-flagellated, aerobic bacterium isolated from farmland soil in Hunan province of China. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belonged to the genus Niastella, with 95.83 % nucleotide identity to Niastella populi THYL-44T, while the similarities to other type strains of species of the genus Niastella were less than 95.76 %. The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 and the major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 1 G, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 44 mol%. Polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown aminophospholipids, three unknown phospholipids and six unknown lipids. The chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genotypic data indicated that strain DJ57T represents a novel species of the genus Niastella, for which the name Niastella vici sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DJ57T ( = KCTC 42474T = CCTCC AB 2015052T).
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Maribacter lutimaris sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment
More LessA Gram-staining-negative, moderately halophilic and strictly aerobic bacterium, designated strain KJ4T, was isolated from marine sediment at Gangjin in South Korea. Cells were catalase- and oxidase-positive long rods with gliding motility. Growth of strain KJ4T was observed at 4–37 °C (optimum, 15–25 °C), at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.5) and in the presence of 1.0–7.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.0–5.0 %). Menaquinone 6 (MK-6) was the only isoprenoid quinone detected and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 1 G and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) were the major cellular fatty acids. The polar lipids of strain KJ4T consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid and five unidentified lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 38.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KJ4T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage within the genus Maribacter. Strain KJ4T was most closely related to Maribacter orientalis KMM 3947T with 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strain KJ4T clearly represents a novel species of the genus Maribacter, for which the name Maribacter lutimaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KJ4T ( = KACC 16438T = JCM 31154T).
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Mucilaginibacter yixingensis sp. nov., isolated from vegetable soil
More LessA Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YX-36T, was isolated from a vegetable plot in Yixing, Jiangsu province, China. The strain grew at 15–37 °C (optimally at 37 °C), at pH 6.0–9.5 (optimally at pH 6.5) and in the presence of 0–1 % (w/v) NaCl (optimally without NaCl). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YX-36T was related most closely to Mucilaginibacter herbaticus DR-9T (96.88 % similarity), followed by Mucilaginibacter sabulilitoris SMS-12T (95.78 %), Mucilaginibacter polysacchareus DR-f3T (95.77 %) and Mucilaginibacter polysacchareus DRP28T (95.77 %). The DNA G+C content of strain YX-36T was 47.2 mol%. The only isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and aminophospholipid. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH/C16 : 1ω7c) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain YX-36T represents a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter yixingensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YX-36T ( = DSM 26809T = CCTCC AB 2012880T).
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Dinghuibacter silviterrae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from forest soil
More LessA novel Gram-stain negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterial strain, designated DHOA34T, was isolated from forest soil of Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, Guangdong Province, China. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that it exhibited highest similarity with Flavisolibacter ginsengiterrae Gsoil 492T and Flavitalea populi HY-50RT, at 90.89 and 90.83 %, respectively. In the neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, DHOA34T formed an independent lineage within the family Chitinophagaceae but was distinct from all recognized species and genera of the family. The major cellular fatty acids of DHOA34T included iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). The DNA G+C content was 51.6 mol% and the predominant quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). Flexirubin pigments were produced. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data demonstrate consistently that strain DHOA34T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Dinghuibacter silviterrae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Dinghuibacter silviterrae is DHOA34T ( = CGMCC 1.15023T = KCTC 42632T).
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- Other Bacteria
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Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a cellulose-hydrolysing, alkaliphilic, halotolerant bacterium isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus), and reclassification of four species of Spirochaeta as new combinations within Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov.
More LessAn obligately anaerobic spirochaete designated strain JC227T was isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach, Cryptocercus punctulatus (Scudder), from the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. Strain JC227T was Gram-stain-negative, mesophilic, halotolerant and alkaliphilic. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC227T belongs to the genus Spirochaeta, with Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens JC133T (99.51 %), S. odontotermitis JC202T (99.30 %), S. alkalica Z-7491T (99.10 %), S. americana (98.54 %) and other members of the genus Spirochaeta ( < 92.7 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. However, DNA–DNA hybridization between strain JC227T and S. sphaeroplastigenens JC133T, S. odontotermitis JC202T, S. alkalica DSM 8900T and S. americana DSM 14872T was 62 ± 2, 63, 58 ± 2 and 48 ± 4 %, respectively. Strain JC227T contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid and six unidentified lipids. Summed feature C18 : 1ω7c/C18 : 1ω6c was the predominant cellular fatty acid, with significant proportions of C16 : 0, C14 : 0, C12 : 0, C15 : 1ω6c, C16 : 1ω5c, C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c and C17 : 0 2-OH. The DNA G+C content of strain JC227T was 55.5 mol%. On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences from previously described taxa, strain JC227T can be differentiated from members of the genus Spirochaeta and represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans is JC227T ( = KCTC 15343T = NBRC 110105T). We also propose the reclassification of Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens, Spirochaeta odontotermitis, Spirochaeta alkalica and Spirochaeta americana as Alkalispirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens comb. nov. (type strain JC133T = KCTC 15220T = NBRC 109056T), Alkalispirochaeta odontotermitis comb. nov. (type strain JC202T = KCTC 15324T = NBRC 110104T), Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb. nov. (type strain Z-7491T = DSM 8900T = ATCC 700262T) and Alkalispirochaeta americana comb. nov. (type strain ASpG1T = ATCC BAA-392T = DSM 14872T). The type species of Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. is Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb. nov.
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Streptobacillus ratti sp. nov., isolated from a black rat (Rattus rattus)
An indole-, oxidase- and catalase-negative, non-motile bacterium, strain OGS16T, was isolated from an oral swab of a feral black rat (Rattus rattus) in 2007 in Japan. It stained Gram-negative and had pleomorphic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming cells. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, strain OGS16T was assigned to the genus Streptobacillus, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99.3, 99.0, 98.6 and 95.5 % to the type strains of Streptobacillus moniliformis, Streptobacillus notomytis, Streptobacillus felis and Streptobacillus hongkongensis, respectively. Strain OGS16T could also be differentiated clearly from other species of the genus Streptobacillus by rpoB, groEL and recA nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence analysis. DNA–DNA relatedness as obtained by average nucleotide identity was 89.10 % between strain OGS16T and Streptobacillus moniliformis DSM 12112T. Chemotaxonomic and physiological data for strain OGS16T were congruent with results for other closely related members of the family Leptotrichiaceae, represented by highly similar enzyme profiles and fatty acid patterns. MALDI-TOF MS analysis also proved suitable in discriminating strain OGS16T unequivocally from all currently described taxa of the genus Streptobacillus. On the basis of these data, we propose the novel species Streptobacillus ratti sp. nov., with the type strain OGS16T ( = JCM 31098T = DSM 101843T). The G+C content of the DNA of the type strain is 25.9 mol% and the genome size is 1.50 Mbp.
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Caviibacter abscessus gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Leptotrichiaceae isolated from guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)
A pleomorphic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, indole-, oxidase- and catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium was originally isolated from the mandibular lymph node of a guinea pig and deposited as Streptobacillus moniliformis CCUG 39713 in 1998. A second strain, 151011837, was isolated from an identical lesion in a guinea pig in Germany in 2015. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, these strains displayed highest sequence similarities with Sneathia sanguinegens NTS65407T (93.4 %) and ‘Sneathia amnii’ Sn35 (93.2 %), followed by Streptobacillus moniliformis DSM 12112T (91.3 %), ‘Streptobacillus ratti’ OGS16 (91.2 %), Streptobacillus notomytis AHL370-1T (91.0 %), Streptobacillus hongkongensis HKU33T (90.9 %) and Streptobacillus felis 131000547T (90.9 %). Levels of sequence similarity with all other members of the family Leptotrichiaceae were < 89 %. Results of phylogenetic analyses of strains CCUG 39713T and 151011837, based on gyrB, groEL and recA nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences, were highly similar, as the topologies of all trees were virtually identical. DNA relatedness values derived from average nucleotide identities calculated for comparisons between strain CCUG 39713T and the type strains of Sneathia sanguinegens and Streptobacillus moniliformis, respectively, were 72.05 and 70.42 %. The genomes of CCUG39713T and 151011837 shared 99.57 % average nucletide identity. The chemotaxonomic and physiological data for strains CCUG 39713T and 151011837 were in congruence with other closely related members of the family Leptotrichiaceae, with highly similar enzyme activities and fatty acid profiles. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight MS analysis was capable of clearly discriminating strains CCUG 39713T and 151011837 from all taxa of the family Leptotrichiaceae with validly published names. On the basis of these data, the novel taxon Caviibacter abscessus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Caviibacter abscessus is CCUG 39713T ( = DSM 101949T); 151011837 (DSM 101950) is an additional strain of the species.
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Caldimicrobium thiodismutans sp. nov., a sulfur-disproportionating bacterium isolated from a hot spring, and emended description of the genus Caldimicrobium
More LessA novel autotrophic, thermophilic bacterium, strain TF1T, was isolated from a hot spring in Japan. Cells of strain TF1T were motile, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, 1.0–2.0 μm in length and 0.5–0.6 μm in width. Major components in the cellular fatty acid profile were C16 : 0, C18 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The temperature range for growth was 40–77 °C, and optimum temperature was 75 °C. The pH range for growth was 5.9–9.5, and the optimum pH was 7.5–8.8. Strain TF1T grew chemolithoautotrophically by disproportionation of sulfur, thiosulfate and sulfite. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain belongs to the family Thermodesulfobacteriaceae. The closest cultivated relative was Caldimicrobium rimae DST, with highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96 %. The genome of strain TF1T consists of one circular chromosome, with a size of 1.8 Mbp and G+C content of 38.30 mol%. On the basis of its phylogenetic and phenotypic properties, strain TF1T ( = DSM 29380T = NBRC 110713T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species, Caldimicrobium thiodismutans sp. nov.
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- Eukaryotic micro-organisms
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Yamadazyma kitorensis f.a., sp. nov. and Zygoascus biomembranicola f.a., sp. nov., novel yeasts from the stone chamber interior of the Kitora tumulus, and five novel combinations in Yamadazyma and Zygoascus for species of Candida
More LessAnalysis of D1/D2 large-subunit (LSU) rRNA gene sequences predicted that 17 yeast isolates, mainly from viscous gels (biofilms) taken from the stone chamber interior of the Kitora tumulus in Nara, Japan, were placed in the Yamadazyma and Zygoascus clades. Polyphasic characterization, including morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, multigene sequence divergence and DNA–DNA hybridization, strongly suggested the assignment of one novel species to each of the clades; these are Yamadazyma kitorensis f.a., sp. nov., with the type strain JCM 31005T (ex-type CBS 14158T = isolate K8617-6-8T), and Zygoascus biomembranicola f.a., sp. nov., with the type strain JCM 31007T (ex-type CBS 14157T = isolate K61208-2-11T). Furthermore, the transfer of five known species of the genus Candida as novel combinations to the genera Yamadazyma and Zygoascus is proposed; these are Yamadazyma olivae f.a., comb. nov. (type strain CBS 11171T = ATCC MYA-4568T), Yamadazyma tumulicola f.a., comb. nov. (type strain JCM 15403T = ex-type CBS 10917T = isolate T6517-9-5T), Yamadazyma takamatsuzukensis f.a., comb. nov. (type strain JCM 15410T = CBS 10916T = isolate T4922-1-1T), Zygoascus polysorbophila f.a., comb. nov. (type strain NRRL Y-27161T = CBS 7317T) and Zygoascus bituminiphila f.a., comb. nov. (type strain CBS 8813T = MUCL 41424T).
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Papiliotrema leoncinii sp. nov. and Papiliotrema miconiae sp. nov., two tremellaceous yeast species from Brazil
Two yeast species, Papiliotrema leoncinii sp. nov. and Papiliotrema miconiae sp. nov., in the family Rhynchogastremataceae of the Tremellales are proposed. The two species are related to six species of the genus Papiliotrema: Papiliotrema aureus, P. flavescens, P. terrestris, P. baii, P. ruineniae and P. wisconsinensis. The novel species are proposed on the basis of the sequence-based phylogenetic species concept with analysis of the D1/D2 region of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. A total of 16 strains of Papiliotrema leoncinii sp. nov. were obtained from freshwater and bromeliad leaves collected in Brazil. Papiliotrema leoncinii sp. nov. differs by 11, 12, 16, 14, 11 and 13 substitutions in the D1/D2 domain from the related species P. aureus, P. flavescens, P. terrestris, P. baii, P. ruineniae and P. wisconsinensis, respectively. Differences of 11 substitutions and 21 or more substitutions in ITS regions were found when the sequences of Papiliotrema leoncinii sp. nov. were compared with P. wisconsinensis and its closest relatives. The type strain of Papiliotrema leoncinii sp. nov. is UFMG-CM-Y374T ( = CBS 13918T). Papiliotrema miconiae sp. nov. is represented by two strains isolated from a flower of Miconia sp. and a water sample in Brazil. Papiliotrema miconiae sp. nov. differs from the related species P. aureus and P. ruineniae by eight substitutions, from P. flavescens and P. terrestris by 11 substitutions, from P. baii by 10 substitutions and from P. wisconsinensis by 6 substitutions in the D1/D2 domain, and by 7 substitutions from P. wisconsinensis and more than 19 substitutions in the ITS region from its closest relatives. The type strain of Papiliotrema miconiae sp. nov. is CBS 8358T (ML 3666T = DBVPG-4492T). The MycoBank numbers for Papiliotrema leoncinii sp. nov. and Papiliotrema miconiae sp. nov. are MB 813594 and MB 814882, respectively.
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- EVOLUTION, PHYLOGENY AND BIODIVERSITY
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Multilocus sequence analysis supports the taxonomic position of Astragalus glycyphyllos symbionts based on DNA–DNA hybridization
In this study, the phylogenetic relationship and taxonomic status of six strains, representing different phenons and genomic groups of Astragalus glycyphyllos symbionts, originating from Poland, were established by comparative analysis of five concatenated housekeeping gene sequences (atpD, dnaK, glnA, recA and rpoB), DNA–DNA hybridization and total DNA G+C content. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis of combined atpD, dnaK, glnA, recA and rpoB sequence data placed the studied bacteria into the clade comprising the genus Mesorhizobium. In the core gene phylograms, four A. glycyphyllos nodule isolates (AG1, AG7, AG15 and AG27) formed a cluster common with Mesorhizobium ciceri, whereas the two other A. glycyphyllos symbionts (AG17 and AG22) were grouped together with Mesorhizobium amorphae and M. septentrionale. The species position of the studied bacteria was clarified by DNA–DNA hybridization. The DNA–DNA relatedness between isolates AG1, AG7, AG15 and AG27 and reference strain M. ciceri USDA 3383T was 76.4–84.2 %, and all these A. glycyphyllos nodulators were defined as members of the genomospecies M. ciceri. DNA–DNA relatedness for isolates AG17 and AG22 and the reference strain M. amorphae ICMP 15022T was 77.5 and 80.1 %, respectively. We propose that the nodule isolates AG17 and AG22 belong to the genomic species M. amorphae. Additionally, it was found that the total DNA G+C content of the six test A. glycyphyllos symbionts was 59.4–62.1 mol%, within the range for species of the genus Mesorhizobium.
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Volumes and issues
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