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f ST121: a globally disseminated hypervirulent clone

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ST121: a globally disseminated hypervirulent clone, Page 1 of 1

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  • is a leading cause of bacterial infections in hospitals and communities worldwide. With the development of typing methods, several pandemic clones have been well characterized, including the extensively spreading hospital-associated meticillin-resistant (HA-MRSA) clone ST239 and the emerging hypervirulent community-associated (CA) MRSA clone USA300. The multilocus sequence typing method was set up based on seven housekeeping genes; groups were defined by the sharing of alleles at ≥ 5 of the seven loci. In many cases, the predicted founder of a group would also be the most prevalent ST within the group. As a predicted founder of major groups, approximately 90 % of ST121 strains was meticillin-susceptible (MSSA). The majority of ST121 strains carry accessory gene regulator type IV, whereas staphylococcal protein A gene types for ST121 are exceptionally diverse. More than 90 % of ST121 strains have Panton–Valentine leukocidin; other enterotoxins, haemolysins, leukocidins and exfoliative toxins also contribute to the high virulence of ST121 strains. Patients suffering from ST121 infections often need longer hospitalization and prolonged antimicrobial therapy. In this review, we tried to summarize the epidemiology of the clone ST121 and focused on the molecular types, toxin carriage and disease spectrum of this globally disseminated clone.

  • Abbreviations:
    AIP autoinducing peptide
    CA community-associated
    HA hospital-associated
    MLST multilocus sequence typing
    MSSA meticillin-susceptible
    MRSA meticillin-resistant
    PVL Panton–Valentine leukocidin
    SCC staphylococcal cassette chromosome
    ST sequence type

© 2015 The Authors | Published by the Microbiology Society

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