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f An overview of the bacterial contribution to Crohn disease pathogenesis
- Authors: Moftah H. Alhagamhmad1 , Andrew S. Day1,2 , Daniel A. Lemberg1,3 , Steven T. Leach1
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1 1School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia 2 2Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand 3 3Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Correspondence Steven T. Leach [email protected]
- First Published Online: 18 October 2016, Journal of Medical Microbiology 65: 1049-1059, doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.000331
- Subject: Review
- Received:
- Accepted:
- Cover date:




An overview of the bacterial contribution to Crohn disease pathogenesis, Page 1 of 1
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Crohn disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the gastro-intestinal tract and is characterized by reduced bacterial diversity. The exact cause of disease is unknown; however, evidence suggests that several components, including microbiota, may contribute to the underlying pathology and disease development. Perturbation of the host–microbe commensal relationship is considered the main driving force of tissue destruction and pathological changes seen in CD. Several putative bacterial pathogens including species from Mycobacterium, Campylobacter and Helicobacter are postulated in the aetiology of CD. However, to date, no strong evidence supports a single bacterium contributing overall to CD pathogenesis. Alternatively, dysbiosis or bacterial imbalance is more widely accepted as a leading factor in the disrupted host–immune system cross-talk resulting in subsequent intestinal inflammation. Depletion of symbiont microbes including Firmicutes, Bifidobacterium and Clostridia, in conjunction with an increase in pathobiont microbes from Bacteroidetes and Enterobacteria, is a striking feature observed in CD. No single factor has been identified as driving this dysbiosis, although diet, antibiotic exposure and possible early life events in presence of underlying genetic susceptibility may contribute. The aim of this review is to highlight the current accumulating literature on the proposed role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of CD.
- Keyword(s): microbiome, inflammation, dysbiosis, microbiota, Crohn disease, genetics
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Abbreviations: AIEC adherent invasive Escherichia coli CD Crohn disease IBD inflammatory bowel disease IRGM immunity-related GTPase M MAP Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis NOD nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain Th T helper TLR Toll-like receptor UC ulcerative colitis
© 2016 The Authors | Published by the Microbiology Society
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