1887

Abstract

Approximately 20  % of the UK population wear some form of denture prosthesis, resulting in denture stomatitis in half of these individuals. is primarily attributed as the causative agent, due to its biofilm -forming ability. Recently, there has been increasing evidence of biofilm heterogeneity and the negative impact it can have clinically; however, this phenomenon has yet to be studied in relation to denture isolates. The aims of this study were to evaluate biofilm formation of clinical denture isolates in a denture environment and to assess antimicrobial activity of common denture cleansers against these tenacious communities. isolated from dentures of healthy and diseased individuals was quantified using real-time PCR and biofilm biomass assessed using crystal violet. Biofilm development on the denture substratum poly(methyl methacrylate), Molloplast B and Ufi-gel was determined. Biofilm formation was assessed using metabolic and biomass stains, following treatment with denture hygiene products. Although was detected in greater quantities in diseased individuals, it was not associated with increased biofilm biomass. Denture substrata were shown to influence biofilm biomass, with poly(methyl methacrylate) providing the most suitable environment for to reside. Of all denture hygiene products tested, Milton had the most effective antimicrobial activity, reducing biofilm biomass and viability the greatest. Overall, our results highlight the complex nature of denture- related disease, and disease development cannot always be attributed to a sole cause. It is the distinct combination of various factors that ultimately determines the pathogenic outcome.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000419
2017-01-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/66/1/54.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000419&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Shulman JD, Beach MM, Rivera-Hidalgo F. The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in U.S. adults: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. J Am Dent Assoc 2004; 135:1279–1286[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Figueiral MH, Azul A, Pinto E, Fonseca PA, Branco FM et al. Denture-related stomatitis: identification of aetiological and predisposing factors – a large cohort. J Oral Rehabil 2007; 34:448–455 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Gendreau L, Loewy ZG. Epidemiology and etiology of denture stomatitis. J Prosthodont 2011; 20:251–260 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Vale-Silva LA, Sanglard D. Tipping the balance both ways: drug resistance and virulence in Candida glabrata. FEMS Yeast Res 2015; 15:fov025 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Ramage G, Tomsett K, Wickes BL, Lopez-Ribot JL, Redding SW. Denture stomatitis: a role for Candida biofilms. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2004; 98:53–59 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Flemming HC, Wingender J. The biofilm matrix. Nat Rev Microbiol 2010; 8:623–633 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Ramage G, Rajendran R, Sherry L, Williams C. Fungal biofilm resistance. Int J Microbiol 2012; 2012:1–14 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Wu T, Hu W, Guo L, Finnegan M, Bradshaw DJ et al. Development of a new model system to study microbial colonization on dentures. J Prosthodont 2013; 22:344–350 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Paranhos Hde F, Salles AE, Macedo LD, Silva-Lovato CH, Pagnano VO et al. Complete denture biofilm after brushing with specific denture paste, neutral soap and artificial saliva. Braz Dent J 2013; 24:47–52[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Rajendran R, Sherry L, Nile CJ, Sherriff A, Johnson EM et al. Biofilm formation is a risk factor for mortality in patients with Candida albicans bloodstream infection – Scotland, 2012-2013. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:87–93 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Sherry L, Rajendran R, Lappin DF, Borghi E, Perdoni F et al. Biofilms formed by Candida albicans bloodstream isolates display phenotypic and transcriptional heterogeneity that are associated with resistance and pathogenicity. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:182 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Tumbarello M, Posteraro B, Trecarichi EM, Fiori B, Rossi M et al. Biofilm production by Candida species and inadequate antifungal therapy as predictors of mortality for patients with candidemia. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:1843–1850 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Raj PA, Dentino AR. Denture polymers with antimicrobial properties: a review of the development and current status of anionic poly(methyl methacrylate) polymers. Future Med Chem 2013; 5:1635–1645 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Susewind S, Lang R, Hahnel S. Biofilm formation and Candida albicans morphology on the surface of denture base materials. Mycoses 2015; 58:719–727 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Jackson S, Coulthwaite L, Loewy Z, Scallan A, Verran J. Biofilm development by blastospores and hyphae of Candida albicans on abraded denture acrylic resin surfaces. J Prosthet Dent 2014; 112:988–993 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Palla ES, Karaoglani E, Naka O, Anastassiadou V. Soft denture liners' effect on the masticatory function in patients wearing complete dentures: a systematic review. J Dent 2015; 43:1403–1410 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Kimoto S, Kimoto K, Gunji A, Kawai Y, Murakami H et al. Clinical effects of acrylic resilient denture liners applied to mandibular complete dentures on the alveolar ridge. J Oral Rehabil 2007; 34:862–869 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Nevzatoğlu EU, Ozcan M, Kulak-Ozkan Y, Kadir T. Adherence of Candida albicans to denture base acrylics and silicone-based resilient liner materials with different surface finishes. Clin Oral Investig 2007; 11:231–236 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Jose A, Coco BJ, Milligan S, Young B, Lappin DF et al. Reducing the incidence of denture stomatitis: are denture cleansers sufficient?. J Prosthodont 2010; 19:252–257 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Pavarina AC, Pizzolitto AC, Machado AL, Vergani CE, Giampaolo ET. An infection control protocol: effectiveness of immersion solutions to reduce the microbial growth on dental prostheses. J Oral Rehabil 2003; 30:532–536[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Sherry L, Lappin G, O'Donnell LE, Millhouse E, Millington OR et al. Viable compositional analysis of an eleven species oral polymicrobial biofilm. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:912 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. O'Donnell LE, Robertson D, Nile CJ, Cross LJ, Riggio M et al. The oral microbiome of denture wearers is influenced by levels of natural dentition. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137717 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Newton A. Denture sore mouth: a possible aetiology. Br Dent J 1962; 112:357–360
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Coco BJ, Bagg J, Cross LJ, Jose A, Cross J et al. Mixed Candida albicans and Candida glabrata populations associated with the pathogenesis of denture stomatitis. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2008; 23:377–383 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Rajendran R, Borghi E, Falleni M, Perdoni F, Tosi D et al. Acetylcholine protects against Candida albicans infection by inhibiting biofilm formation and promoting hemocyte function in a Galleria mellonella infection model. Eukaryot Cell 2015; 14:834–844 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Pierce CG, Uppuluri P, Tristan AR, Wormley FL, Mowat E et al. A simple and reproducible 96-well plate-based method for the formation of fungal biofilms and its application to antifungal susceptibility testing. Nat Protoc 2008; 3:1494–1500 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Sherry L, Jose A, Murray C, Williams C, Jones B et al. Carbohydrate derived fulvic acid: an in vitro investigation of a novel membrane active antiseptic agent against Candida albicans biofilms. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:116 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Millhouse E, Jose A, Sherry L, Lappin DF, Patel N et al. Development of an in vitro periodontal biofilm model for assessing antimicrobial and host modulatory effects of bioactive molecules. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:80 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Ramage G, Zalewska A, Cameron DA, Sherry L, Murray C et al. A comparative in vitro study of two denture cleaning techniques as an effective strategy for inhibiting Candida albicans biofilms on denture surfaces and reducing inflammation. J Prosthodont 2012; 21:516–522 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Rajendran R, Sherry L, Lappin DF, Nile CJ, Smith K et al. Extracellular DNA release confers heterogeneity in Candida albicans biofilm formation. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:303 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Köroğlu A, Şahin O, Dede , Deniz ŞT, Karacan Sever N et al. Efficacy of denture cleaners on the surface roughness and Candida albicans adherence of sealant agent coupled denture base materials. Dent Mater J 2016; 35:810–816 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Peracini A, Davi LR, de Queiroz Ribeiro N, de Souza RF, Lovato da Silva CH et al. Effect of denture cleansers on physical properties of heat-polymerized acrylic resin. J Prosthodont Res 2010; 54:78–83 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Allen PF, McMillan AS. The impact of tooth loss in a denture wearing population: an assessment using the oral health impact profile. Community Dent Health 1996; 16:176–180[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Salerno C, Pascale M, Contaldo M, Esposito V, Busciolano M et al. Candida-associated denture stomatitis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2011e139–43
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Diaz PI, Xie Z, Sobue T, Thompson A, Biyikoglu B et al. Synergistic interaction between Candida albicans and commensal oral streptococci in a novel in vitro mucosal model. Infect Immun 2012; 80:620–632 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Falsetta ML, Klein MI, Colonne PM, Scott-Anne K, Gregoire S et al. Symbiotic relationship between Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans synergizes virulence of plaque biofilms in vivo. Infect Immun 2014; 82:1968–1981 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Harriott MM, Noverr MC. Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus form polymicrobial biofilms: effects on antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:3914–3922 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  38. O'Donnell LE, Millhouse E, Sherry L, Kean R, Malcolm J et al. Polymicrobial Candida biofilms: friends and foe in the oral cavity. FEMS Yeast Res 2015; 15: [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Arzmi MH, Alnuaimi AD, Dashper S, Cirillo N, Reynolds EC et al. Polymicrobial biofilm formation by Candida albicans, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Streptococcus mutans is Candida albicans strain and medium dependent. Med Mycol 2016; 54:856–864 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Hasan F, Xess I, Wang X, Jain N, Fries BC. Biofilm formation in clinical Candida isolates and its association with virulence. Microbes Infect 2009; 11:753–761 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Park SE, Periathamby AR, Loza JC. Effect of surface-charged poly(methyl methacrylate) on the adhesion of Candida albicans. J Prosthodont 2003; 12:249–254[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Mutluay MM, Oğuz S, Ørstavik D, Fløystrand F, Doğan A et al. Experiments on in vivo biofilm formation and in vitro adhesion of Candida species on polysiloxane liners. Gerodontology 2010; 27:283–291 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Bal BT, Yavuzyilmaz H, Yücel M. A pilot study to evaluate the adhesion of oral microorganisms to temporary soft lining materials. J Oral Sci 2008; 50:1–8 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Wright PS, Young KA, Riggs PD, Parker S, Kalachandra S. Evaluating the effect of soft lining materials on the growth of yeast. J Prosthet Dent 1998; 79:404–409[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Radford DR, Sweet SP, Challacombe SJ, Walter JD. Adherence of Candida albicans to denture-base materials with different surface finishes. J Dent 1998; 26:577–583[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Ramage G, Jose A, Coco B, Rajendran R, Rautemaa R et al. Commercial mouthwashes are more effective than azole antifungals against Candida albicans biofilms in vitro. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2011; 111:456–460 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Taff HT, Nett JE, Zarnowski R, Ross KM, Sanchez H et al. A Candida biofilm-induced pathway for matrix glucan delivery: implications for drug resistance. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002848 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000419
Loading
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000419
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

Supplementary File 1

PDF
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error