1887

Abstract

Molecular epidemiological investigations of the highly clonal subspecies serovar Typhi ( Typhi) are important in outbreak detection and in tracking disease transmission. In this study, we developed and evaluated a multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeats (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) assay for characterization of Typhi isolates from sub-Saharan Africa.

Twelve previously reported VNTR loci were evaluated and an MLVA assay consisting of five polymorphic loci was adopted. The MLVA assay was developed for use on capillary electrophoresis systems by testing a collection of 50 . Typhi isolates. This Typhi strain panel consisted of six outbreak related isolates and 44 epidemiologically unlinked isolates. Amongst these were nine .Typhi haplotype H58 isolates.

The MLVA assay characterized the 50 isolates into 47 MLVA profiles while PFGE analysis of the same isolates revealed 34 pulsotypes. MLVA displayed higher discriminatory power (Simpson’s index of diversity (DI) 0.998 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.995–1.000)] as compared to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [Simpson’s DI 0.984 (95 % CI 0.974–0.994)].

The MLVA assay presented in this study is a simple, rapid and more accessible tool that serves as a good alternative to other molecular subtyping methods for Typhi.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000526
2017-07-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/66/7/937.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000526&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Buckle GC, Walker CL, Black RE. Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever: systematic review to estimate global morbidity and mortality for 2010. J Glob Health 2012; 2:1–9 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Connor BA, Schwartz E. Typhoid and paratyphoid fever in travellers. Lancet Infect Dis 2005; 5:623–628 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Feasey NA, Archer BN, Heyderman RS, Sooka A, Dennis B et al. Typhoid fever and invasive nontyphoid salmonellosis, Malawi and South Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 16:1448–1451 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Kanungo S, Dutta S, Sur D. Epidemiology of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in India. J Infect Dev Ctries 2008; 2:454–460[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Mweu E, English M. Typhoid fever in children in Africa. Trop Med Int Health 2008; 13:532–540 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Beyene G, Asrat D, Mengistu Y, Aseffa A, Wain J. Typhoid fever in Ethiopia. J Infect Dev Ctries 2008; 2:448–453 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Kariuki S. Typhoid fever in sub-Saharan Africa: challenges of diagnosis and management of infections. J Infect Dev Ctries 2008; 2:443–447 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Crump JA, Mintz ED. Global trends in typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50:241–246 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Wain J, Hendriksen RS, Mikoleit ML, Keddy KH, Ochiai RL. Typhoid fever. Lancet 2015; 385:1136–1145 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Wattiau P, Boland C, Bertrand S. Methodologies for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica subtyping: gold standards and alternatives. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:7877–7885 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Sabat AJ, Budimir A, Nashev D, Sá-Leão R, van Dijl J et al. Overview of molecular typing methods for outbreak detection and epidemiological surveillance. Euro Surveill 2013; 18:20380[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Baker S, Hanage WP, Holt KE. Navigating the future of bacterial molecular epidemiology. Curr Opin Microbiol 2010; 13:640–645 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Lunguya O, Lejon V, Phoba MF, Bertrand S, Vanhoof R et al. Salmonella Typhi in the democratic republic of the congo: fluoroquinolone decreased susceptibility on the rise. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1921 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Kariuki S, Revathi G, Kiiru J, Mengo DM, Mwituria J et al. Typhoid in Kenya is associated with a dominant multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi haplotype that is also widespread in Southeast Asia. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:2171–2176 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Wong VK, Baker S, Pickard DJ, Parkhill J, Page AJ et al. Phylogeographical analysis of the dominant multidrug-resistant H58 clade of Salmonella Typhi identifies inter- and intracontinental transmission events. Nat Genet 2015; 47:632–639 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Kidgell C, Reichard U, Wain J, Linz B, Torpdahl M et al. Salmonella Typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever, is approximately 50,000 years old. Infect Genet Evol 2002; 2:39–45 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Thong KL, Cheong YM, Puthucheary S, Koh CL, Pang T. Epidemiologic analysis of sporadic Salmonella Typhi isolates and those from outbreaks by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32:1135–1141[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Fakhr MK, Nolan LK, Logue CM. Multilocus sequence typing lacks the discriminatory ability of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for typing Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:2215–2219 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Echeita MA, Usera MA. Chromosomal rearrangements in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi affecting molecular typing in outbreak investigations. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36:2123–2126[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Liu SL, Sanderson KE. Highly plastic chromosomal organization in Salmonella Typhi. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93:10303–10308 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Matthews TD, Rabsch W, Maloy S. Chromosomal rearrangements in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strains isolated from asymptomatic human carriers. MBio 2011; 2:e00060-11 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Liu Y, Lee MA, Ooi EE, Mavis Y, Tan AL et al. Molecular typing of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates from various countries in Asia by a multiplex PCR assay on variable-number tandem repeats. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:4388–4394 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Octavia S, Lan R. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47:2369–2376 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Tien YY, Ushijima H, Mizuguchi M, Liang SY, Chiou CS. Use of multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis in molecular subtyping of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates. J Med Microbiol 2012; 61:223–232 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Ramisse V, Houssu P, Hernandez E, Denoeud F, Hilaire V et al. Variable number of tandem repeats in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica for typing purposes. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:5722–5730 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Ribot EM, Fair MA, Gautom R, Cameron DN, Hunter SB et al. Standardization of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocols for the subtyping of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Shigella for PulseNet. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2006; 3:59–67 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Murgia M, Rubino S, Wain J, Gaind R, Paglietti B. A novel broadly applicable PCR-RFLP method for rapid identification and subtyping of H58 Salmonella Typhi. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 127:219–223 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Hunter PR, Gaston MA. Numerical index of the discriminatory ability of typing systems: an application of Simpson's index of diversity. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26:2465–2466[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Simpson EH. Measurement of diversity. Nature 1949; 163:688 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Wallace DL. A method for comparing two hierarchical clusterings: comment. J Am Stat Assoc 1983; 78:569–576 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000526
Loading
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000526
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error