Quantitative and structural analyses of the in vitro and ex vivo biofilm-forming ability of dermatophytes

Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante; Edmilson Emanuel Monteiro Correia; Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes; Vandbergue Santos Pereira; Jonathas Sales de Oliveira; Silviane Praciano Bandeira; Lucas Pereira de Alencar; Ana Raquel Colares de Andrade; Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco; Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro; Adriana de Queiroz Pinheiro; Lúcio Jackson Queiroz Chaves; Waldemiro de Aquino Pereira Neto; José Júlio Costa Sidrim; Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.000528

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f Quantitative and structural analyses of the in vitro and ex vivo biofilm-forming ability of dermatophytes

Authors: Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante¹ , Edmilson Emanuel Monteiro Correia¹ , Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes¹ , Vandbergue Santos Pereira¹ , Jonathas Sales de Oliveira¹ , Silviane Praciano Bandeira¹ , Lucas Pereira de Alencar¹ , Ana Raquel Colares de Andrade¹ , Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco¹ , Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro¹ , Adriana de Queiroz Pinheiro² , Lúcio Jackson Queiroz Chaves¹ , Waldemiro de Aquino Pereira Neto¹ , José Júlio Costa Sidrim¹ , Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha^1,2
- VIEW AFFILIATIONS
- ¹ 1Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil ² 2School of Veterinary, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
*Correspondence: Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante, [email protected] or [email protected]
First Published Online: 15 July 2017, Journal of Medical Microbiology 66: 1045-1052, doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.000528
Subject: Pathogenicity and Virulence/Host Response

Received: 06/03/2017
Accepted: 04/06/2017
Cover date: 01/07/2017

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Purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and ex vivo biofilm-forming ability of dermatophytes on a nail fragment.

Methodology. Initially, four isolates of Trichophyton rubrum, six of Trichophyton tonsurans, three of Trichophyton mentagrophytes, ten of Microsporum canis and three of Microsporum gypseum were tested for production biomass by crystal violet assay. Then, one strain per species presenting the best biofilm production was chosen for further studies by optical microscopy (Congo red staining), confocal laser scanning (LIVE/DEAD staining) and scanning electron (secondary electron) microscopy.

Results. Biomass quantification by crystal violet assay, optical microscope images of Congo red staining, confocal microscope and scanning electron microscope images revealed that all species studied are able to form biofilms both in vitro and ex vivo, with variable density and architecture. M. gypseum, T. rubrum and T. tonsurans produced robust biofilms, with abundant matrix and biomass, while M. canis produced the weakest biofilms compared to other species.

Conclusion. This study sheds light on biofilms of different dermatophyte species, which will contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of dermatophytosis. Further studies of this type are necessary to investigate the processes involved in the formation and composition of dermatophyte biofilms.

Two supplementary figures are available with the online Supplementary Material.

Keyword(s): ex vivo, dermatophytes, biofilm, in vitro

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