1887

Journal of Medical Microbiology logo

Volume 66, Issue 10

Inhibitory efficacy of geraniol on biofilm formation and development of adaptive resistance in RP62A Free

Abstract

The current study has been designed to delineate the efficacy of geraniol (GE) on biofilm formation in as well as the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of GE on the development of adaptive resistance.

Biofilm biomass quantification assay was performed to evaluate the antibiofilm activity of GE against . Microscopic observation of biofilms and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), slime and cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) production were also studied to support the antibiofilm potential of GE. In addition, was examined for its adaptive resistance development upon continuous exposure of GE at its subinhibitory concentrations.

The MIC of GE against was 512 µg ml. Without hampering the growth of the pathogen, GE at its sub-MICs (50, 100, 150 and 200 µg ml) exhibited a dose-dependent increase in antibiofilm activity. The minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) of GE was found to be 200 µg ml with a maximum biofilm inhibition of 85 %. Disintegrated biofilm architecture, reduced EPS, slime and CSH production validated the antibiofilm efficacy of GE. Although the action of GE on preformed biofilm is limited, a 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) reduction assay and live/dead cell staining method revealed reduction in the viability (47 %) of biofilm inhabitants at 2×MIC concentration. Sequential exposure of to the sub-MICs of GE resulted in poor development of adaptive resistance with diminished biofilm formation.

The present study highlights the potential of GE as a suitable candidate for the control of biofilm-mediated infections.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): adaptive response , antibiofilm , geraniol , sequential exposure and Staphylococcus epidermidis
© 2017 The Authors
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000570
2017-10-01
2024-04-23
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/66/10/1506.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000570&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Klevens RM, Edwards JR, Richards Jr CL, Horan TC, Gaynes RP et al. Estimating health care-associated infections and deaths in US hospitals, 2002. Public Health Rep 2007; 1:160–166
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Costerton JW, Stewart PS, Greenberg EP. Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections. Science 1999; 284:1318–1322 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Otto M. Staphylococcus epidermidis-the 'accidental' pathogen. Nat Rev Microbiol 2009; 7:555–567 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Vuong C, Otto M. Staphylococcus epidermidis infections. Microb Infect 2002; 4:481–489 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Kostakioti M, Hadjifrangiskou M, Hultgren SJ. Bacterial biofilms: development, dispersal, and therapeutic strategies in the dawn of the postantibiotic era. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2013; 3:a010306 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Borris RP. Natural products research: perspectives from a major pharmaceutical company. J Ethnopharmacol 1996; 51:29–38 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Qiu J, Feng H, Lu J, Xiang H, Wang D et al. Eugenol reduces the expression of virulence-related exoproteins in Staphylococcus aureus . Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:5846–5851 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Khan MS, Ahmad I. Antibiofilm activity of certain phytocompounds and their synergy with fluconazole against Candida albicans biofilms. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67:618–621 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Subramenium GA, Vijayakumar K, Pandian SK. Limonene inhibits streptococcal biofilm formation by targeting surface-associated virulence factors. J Med Microbiol 2015; 64:879–890 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Nostro A, Sudano Roccaro A, Bisignano G, Marino A, Cannatelli MA et al. Effects of oregano, carvacrol and thymol on Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms. J Med Microbiol 2007; 56:519–523 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Jeon JH, Lee CH, Lee HS. Food protective effect of geraniol and its congeners against stored food mites. J Food Prot 2009; 72:1468–1471 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Ahmad ST, Arjumand W, Seth A, Nafees S, Rashid S et al. Preclinical renal cancer chemopreventive efficacy of geraniol by modulation of multiple molecular pathways. Toxicology 2011; 290:69–81 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Thapa D, Losa R, Zweifel B, Wallace RJ. Sensitivity of pathogenic and commensal bacteria from the human colon to essential oils. Microbiology 2012; 158:2870–2877 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Khan AQ, Khan R, Qamar W, Lateef A, Rehman MU et al. Geraniol attenuates 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in mouse skin: possible role of p38 MAP Kinase and NF-κB. Exp Mol Pathol 2013; 94:419–429 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically;. Approved Standard. Document M7-A7 7th ed Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2006
  16. Bakkiyaraj D, Pandian SK. In vitro and in vivo antibiofilm activity of a coral associated actinomycete against drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Biofouling 2010; 26:711–717 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Padmavathi AR, Abinaya B, Pandian SK. Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) of marine bacterial origin inhibits quorum sensing mediated biofilm formation in the uropathogen Serratia marcescens . Biofouling 2014; 30:1111–1122 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Gowrishankar S, Kamaladevi A, Ayyanar KS, Balamurugan K, Pandian SK. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-secreted cyclic dipeptide – cyclo(L-leucyl-L-prolyl) inhibits biofilm and virulence production in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . RSC Adv 2015; 5:95788–95804 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Nithya C, Devi MG, Karutha Pandian S. A novel compound from the marine bacterium Bacillus pumilus S6-15 inhibits biofilm formation in Gram-positive and Gram-negative species. Biofouling 2011; 27:519–528 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Banas JA, Hazlett KR, Mazurkiewicz JE. An in vitro model for studying the contributions of the Streptococcus mutans glucan-binding protein A to biofilm structure. Methods Enzymol 2001; 337:425–433[PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Schmitt J, Flemming H-C. FTIR-spectroscopy in microbial and material analysis. Int Biodeter Biodegr 1998; 41:1–11 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Sivaranjani M, Gowrishankar S, Kamaladevi A, Pandian SK, Balamurugan K et al. Morin inhibits biofilm production and reduces the virulence of Listeria monocytogenes - An in vitro and in vivo approach. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 237:73–82 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Freeman DJ, Falkiner FR, Keane CT. New method for detecting slime production by coagulase negative staphylococci. J Clin Pathol 1989; 42:872–874 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Apolónio J, Faleiro ML, Miguel MG, Neto L. No induction of antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes during continuous exposure to eugenol and citral. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2014; 354:92–101 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Săndulescu O, Bleotu C, Matei L, Streinu-Cercel A, Oprea M et al. Comparative evaluation of aggressiveness traits in staphylococcal strains from severe infections versus nasopharyngeal carriage. Microb Pathog 2017; 102:45–53 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Singh D, Kumar TR, Gupt VK, Chaturvedi P. Antimicrobial activity of some promising plant oils, molecules and formulations. Indian J Exp Biol 2012; 50:714–717[PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Srinivasan R, Devi KR, Kannappan A, Pandian SK, Ravi AV. Piper betle and its bioactive metabolite phytol mitigates quorum sensing mediated virulence factors and biofilm of nosocomial pathogen Serratia marcescens in vitro . J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 193:592–603 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Săndulescu O. Managing sticky situations-anti-biofilm agents. Germs 2016; 6:49 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Budzyńska A, Wieckowska-Szakiel M, Sadowska B, Kalemba D, Rózalska B. Antibiofilm activity of selected plant essential oils and their major components. Pol J Microbiol 2011; 60:35–41[PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Adukwu EC, Allen SC, Phillips CA. The anti-biofilm activity of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) essential oils against five strains of Staphylococcus aureus . J Appl Microbiol 2012; 113:1217–1227 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Kwieciński J, Eick S, Wójcik K. Effects of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil on Staphylococcus aureus in biofilms and stationary growth phase. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009; 33:343–347 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Flemming HC, Wingender J. The biofilm matrix. Nat Rev Microbiol 2010; 8:623–633 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Packiavathy IA, Sasikumar P, Pandian SK, Ravi AV. Prevention of quorum-sensing-mediated biofilm development and virulence factors production in Vibrio spp. by curcumin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:10177–10187 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Younger JJ, Christensen GD, Bartley DL, Simmons JC, Barrett FF. Coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from cerebrospinal fluid shunts: importance of slime production, species identification, and shunt removal to clinical outcome. J Infect Dis 1987; 156:548–554 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Johnson GM, Lee DA, Regelmann WE, Gray ED, Peters G et al. Interference with granulocyte function by Staphylococcus epidermidis slime. Infect Immun 1986; 54:13–20[PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Kim J, Marshall MR, Wei C-I. Antibacterial activity of some essential oil components against five foodborne pathogens. J Agric Food Chem 1995; 43:2839–2845 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Lorenzi V, Muselli A, Bernardini AF, Berti L, Pagès JM et al. Geraniol restores antibiotic activities against multidrug-resistant isolates from gram-negative species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:2209–2211 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Mcmahon MA, Blair IS, Moore JE, Mcdowell DA. Habituation to sub-lethal concentrations of tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) is associated with reduced susceptibility to antibiotics in human pathogens. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 59:125–127 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000570
Loading
Inhibitory efficacy of geraniol on biofilm formation and development of adaptive resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A
J. Med. Microbiol. 66, 1506 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.000570
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000570
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000570
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error