1887

Abstract

A total of 133 clinical strains of comprising 44 strains of O1, 45 strains of O139 and 44 strains of non-O1, non-O139 serogroups isolated from hospitalized patients in Kolkata, India, from 1992 to 2000 was examined for the presence of class 1, 2 and 4 integrons. By PCR and DNA sequencing, seven strains of O1, one strain of O139 and six strains of non-O1, non-O139 serogroups were found to contain class 1 integron-harbouring genes , (encoding resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin), (resistance to -lactams), (resistance to rifampicin), (resistance to kanamycin and gentamicin), and and (resistance to trimethoprim). Most strains produced one or two bands using primers specific for the amplification of the variable region where the antibiotic-resistance genes are located, and their sizes ranged from 700 to 1250 bp. However, one strain of O1 isolated in 1994 gave a 2483 bp fragment, the largest fragment so far found in a class 1 integron of O1. No strain was positive for the gene. All strains, regardless of serogroup, were positive for the gene by PCR and using a colony hybridization test. Amplification of the gene by PCR yielded a 2200 bp fragment (1260 bp larger than the expected size) from three O139 strains isolated in 1999. Sequence analysis of this amplicon revealed an insertion of IS in the middle of the gene. These data indicate that a class 1 integron is present in some clinical strains of isolated in Kolkata, India, and that a class 4 integron is ubiquitously distributed among strains regardless of serogroup.

Keyword(s): CS, conserved segment
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.46339-0
2006-05-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/55/5/575.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.46339-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Amita Chowdhury., R S., Thungapathra M., Ramamurthy T., Nair G. B., Ghosh A. 2003; Class 1 integrons and SXT elements in El Tor strains isolated before and after 1992 Vibrio cholerae O139 outbreak, Calcutta, India. Emerg Infect Dis 9:500–502 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Basu A., Garg P., Datta S. & 8 other authors; 2000; Vibrio cholerae O139 in Calcutta, 1992–1998: incidence, antibiograms, and genotypes. Emerg Infect Dis 6:139–147 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Chakraborty S., Garg P., Ramamurthy T. & 9 other authors; 2001; Comparison of antibiogram, virulence genes, ribotypes and DNA fingerprints of Vibrio cholerae of matching serogroups isolated from hospitalised diarrhoea cases and from the environment during 1997–1998 in Calcutta, India. J Med Microbiol 50:879–888
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Dalsgaard A., Forslund A., Bodhidatta L., Serichantalergs O., Pitarangsi C., Pang L., Shimada T., Echeverria P. 1999a; A high proportion of Vibrio cholerae strains isolated from children with diarrhoea in Bangkok, Thailand are multiple antibiotic resistant and belong to heterogenous non-O1, non-O139 O-serotypes. Epidemiol Infect 122:217–226 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Dalsgaard A., Forslund A., Tam N. V., Vinh D. X., Cam P. D. 1999b; Cholera in Vietnam: changes in genotypes and emergence of class I integrons containing aminoglycoside resistance gene cassettes in Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated from 1979 to 1996. J Clin Microbiol 37:734–741
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Dalsgaard A., Forslund A., Serichantalergs O., Sandvang D. 2000a; Distribution and content of class 1 integrons in different Vibrio cholerae O-serotype strains isolated in Thailand. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44:1315–1321 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Dalsgaard A., Forslund A., Petersen A. & 7 other authors; 2000b; Class 1 integron-borne, multiple-antibiotic resistance encoded by a 150-kilobase conjugative plasmid in epidemic Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated in Guinea-Bissau. J Clin Microbiol 38:3774–3779
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Dalsgaard A., Forslund A., Sandvang D., Arntzen L., Keddy K. 2001; Vibrio cholerae O1 outbreak isolates in Mozambique and South Africa in 1998 are multiple-drug resistant, contain the SXT element and the aadA2 gene located on class 1 integrons. J Antimicrob Chemother 48:827–838 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Ehara M., Nguyen B. M., Nguyen D. T., Toma C., Higa N., Iwanaga M. 2004; Drug susceptibility and its genetic basis in epidemic Vibrio cholerae O1 in Vietnam. Epidemiol Infect 132:595–600 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Falbo V., Carattoli A., Tosini F., Pezzella C., Dionisi A. M., Luzzi I. 1999; Antibiotic resistance conferred by a conjugative plasmid and a class I integron in Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains isolated in Albania and Italy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 43:693–696
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Garg P., Chakraborty S., Basu I. & 8 other authors; 2000; Expanding multiple antibiotic resistance among clinical strains of Vibrio cholerae isolated from 1992–7 in Calcutta, India. Epidemiol Infect 124:393–399 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Garg P., Sinha S., Chakraborty R., Bhattacharya S. K., Nair G. B., Ramamurthy T., Takeda Y. 2001; Emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor among hospitalized patients with cholera in Calcutta, India. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45:1605–1606 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Hall R. M., Collis C. M. 1995; Mobile gene cassettes and integrons: capture and spread of genes by site-specific recombination. Mol Microbiol 15:593–600
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Hochhut B., Lotfi Y., Mazel D., Faruque S. M., Woodgate R., Waldor M. K. 2001; Molecular analysis of antibiotic resistance gene clusters in Vibrio cholerae O139 and O1 SXT constins. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45:2991–3000 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Hoshino K., Yamasaki S., Mukhopadhyay A. K., Chakraborty S., Basu A., Bhattacharya S. K., Nair G. B., Shimada T., Takeda Y. 1998; Development and evaluation of a multiplex PCR assay for rapid detection of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 20:201–207 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Iwanaga M., Toma C., Miyazato T., Insisiengmay S., Nakasone N., Ehara M. 2004; Antibiotic resistance conferred by a class 1 integron and SXT constin in Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated in Laos. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48:2364–2369 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Mazel D., Davis J. 1999; Antibiotic resistance in microbes. Cell Mol Life Sci 56:742–754 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Mazel D., Dychinco B., Webb V. A., Davis J. 1998; A distinctive class of integron in the Vibrio cholerae genome. Science 280:605–608 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Mitra R., Basu A., Dutta D., Nair G. B., Takeda Y. 1996; Resurgence of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal with altered antibiogram in Calcutta, India. Lancet 348:1181
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Mosely S. L., Huq I., Alim A. R. M. A., So M., Samadpour-Motalebi M., Falkow S. 1980; Detection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by DNA colony hybridization. J Infect Dis 142:892–898 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Mukhopadhyay A. K., Saha P. K., Garg S., Bhattacharya S. K., Shimada T., Takeda T., Takeda Y., Nair G. B. 1995a; Distribution and virulence of Vibrio cholerae belonging to serogroups other than O1 and O139: a nationwide survey. Epidemiol Infect 114:65–70 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Mukhopadhyay A. K., Garg S., Nair G. B. & 7 other authors (1995b). Biotype traits and antibiotic susceptibility of Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 before, during and after the emergence of the O139 serogroup. Epidemiol Infect 115:427–434 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Nair G. B., Albert M. J., Shimada T., Takeda Y. 1996; Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal: the new serogroup causing cholera. Rev Med Microbiol 7:43–51 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. O'Grady F., Lewis M. J., Perarson N. J. 1976; Global surveillance of antibiotic sensitivity of Vibrio cholerae . Bull W H O 54:181–185
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Ploy M.-C., Lambert T., Couty J.-P., Denis F. 2000; Integrons: an antibiotic resistance gene capture and expression. Clin Chem Lab Med 38:483–487
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Ramamurthy T., Rajendran K., Garg P. & 8 other authors; 2000; Cluster-analysis and patterns of dissemination of multidrug resistance among clinical strains of Vibrio cholerae in Calcutta, India. Indian J Med Res 112:78–85
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Ramamurthy T., Yamasaki S., Takeda Y., Nair G. B. 2003; Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal: odyssey of a fortuitous variant. Microbes Infect 5:329–344 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Recchia G. D., Hall R. M. 1995; Gene cassettes: a new class of mobile element. Microbiology 141:3015–3027 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Rowe-Magnus D. A., Guerout A.-M., Ploncard P., Dychinco B., Davies J., Mazel D. 2001; The evolutionary history of chromosomal super-integrons provides an ancestry for multiresistant integrons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:652–657 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Rowe-Magnus D. A., Guerout A.-M., Biskri L., Bouige P., Mazel D. 2003; Comparative analysis of superintegrons: engineering extensive genetic diversity in the Vibrionaceae . Genome Res 13:428–442 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Sack D. A., Sack R. B., Nair G. B., Siddique A. K. 2004; Cholera. Lancet 363:223–233 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Sharma C., Thungapathra M., Ghosh A. & 11 other authors; 1998a; Molecular analysis of non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae associated with an unusual upsurge in the incidence of cholera-like disease in Calcutta, India. J Clin Microbiol 36:756–763
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Sharma C., Ghosh A., Dalsgaard A., Forslund A., Ghosh R. K., Bhattacharya S. K., Nair G. B. 1998b; Molecular evidence that a distinct Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor strain in Calcutta may have spread to the African continent. J Clin Microbiol 36:843–844
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Thungapathra M., Amita Sinha., K K., Chaudhuri S. R., Garg P., Ramamurthy T., Nair G. B., Ghosh A. 2002; Occurrence of antibiotic resistance gene cassettes aac(6′)-Ib , dfrA5 , dfrA12 , and ereA2 in class I integrons in non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae strains in India. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46:2948–2955 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Waldor M. K., Tschaepe H., Mekalanos J. J. 1996; A new type of conjugative transposon encodes resistance to sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and streptomycin in Vibrio cholerae O139. J Bacteriol 178:4157–4165
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Wilson K. 1987; Preparation of genomic DNA from bacteria. In Current Protocols in Molecular Biology pp.  2.4.1–2.4.5 Edited by Ausubel F. M., Brent R., Kingston R. E., Moore D. D., Seidman J. G., Smith J. A., Struhl K. New York: Wiley Interscience;
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Yamamoto T., Nair G. B., Takeda Y. 1995a; Emergence of tetracycline resistance due to a multiple drug resistance plasmid in Vibrio cholerae O139. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 11:131–136 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Yamamoto T., Nair G. B., Albert M. J., Parodi C. C., Takeda Y. 1995b; Survey of in vitro susceptibilities of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 to antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 39:241–244 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Yamasaki S., Nair G. B., Bhattacharya S. K., Yamamoto S., Kurazono H., Takeda Y. 1997; Cryptic appearance of a new clone of Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 biotype El Tor in Calcutta, India. Microbiol Immunol 41:1–6 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.46339-0
Loading
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.46339-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error