Evidence for cross-infection in an outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea in a surgical unit

References

1. Chang T. W., Lauermann M., Bartlett J. G. 1979; Cytotoxicity assay in antibiotic-associated colitis. Journal of Infectious Diseases 140:765–770
   [Google Scholar]
2. Cumming A. D., Thomson B. J., Sharp J., Poxton I. R., Fraser A. G. 1986; Diarrhoea due to Clostridium difficile associated with antibiotic treatment in patients receiving dialysis: the role of cross infection. British Medical Journal 292:238–239
   [Google Scholar]
3. Delmee M., Bulliard G., Simon G. 1986; Application of a technique for serogrouping Clostridium difficile in an outbreak of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Journal of Infection 13:59
   [Google Scholar]
4. Fekety R., Kim K. H., Brown D., Batts D. H., Cudmore M., Silva J. 1981; Epidemiology of antibiotic-associated colitis; isolation of Clostridium difficile from the hospital environment. American Journal of Medicine 70:906–908
   [Google Scholar]
5. George W. L., Sutter V. L., Citron D., Finegold S. M. 1979; Selective and diiferential medium for isolation of Clostridium difficile. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 9:214–219
   [Google Scholar]
6. Gianfrilli P., Luzzi I., Pantosti A., Occhionero M. 1984; In-vitro susceptibility of Clostridium difficile isolates to 12 antimicrobial agents.. Chemioterapia 3:41–44
   [Google Scholar]
7. Hall S. M., Calver G. P., Williams M. 1985; A hospital outbreak of Clostridium difficile?. Journal of Hospital Infection 6:312–322
   [Google Scholar]
8. Heard S. R., Farrel S., Holland D., Crook S., Barnett M. J., Tabaqchali S. 1986; The epidemiology of Clostridium difficile with use of a typing scheme. Nosocomial acquisition and cross-infection among immunocompromised patients. Journal of Infectious Diseases 153:159–162
   [Google Scholar]
9. Holbrook W. P., Duerden B. I., Deacon A. G. 1977; The classification of Bacteroides melaninogenicus and related species. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 42:259–273
   [Google Scholar]
10. Kim K., Dupont H. L., Pickering L. K. 1983; Outbreaks of diarrhea associated with Clostridium difficile and its toxin in day-care centers: evidence of person-to-person spread. Journal of Pediatrics 102:376–382
    [Google Scholar]
11. Larson H. E., Price A. B., Borriello S. P. 1980; Epidemiology of experimental enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile. Journal of Infectious Diseases 142:408–413
    [Google Scholar]
12. Lowry O. H., Rosebrough N. J., Farr A. L., Randall R. J. 1951; Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry 193:265–275
    [Google Scholar]
13. Mulligan M. E., George W. L., Rolfe R. D., Finegold S. M. 1980; Epidemiological aspects of Clostridium difficile-induced diarrhea and colitis. American Journal of Clinicial Nutrition 33:2533–2538
    [Google Scholar]
14. Pantosti A., Cerquetti M., Gianfrilli P. M. 1986; Outbreaks of C. difficile diarrhoea in hospitalised patients: demonstration of cross-infection by PAGE. XIV International Congress of Microbiology. abstract PG 5–34
15. Poxton I. R., Aronsson B., Mollby R., Nord C. E., Collee J. G. 1984; Immunochemical fingerprinting of Clostridium difficile strains isolated from an outbreak of antibiotic-associated colitis and diarrhoea. Journal of Medical Microbiology 17:317–324
    [Google Scholar]
16. Sutter V. L., Citron D. M., Finegold S. M. 1980; Wadsworth anaerobic bacteriology manual. 3rd edn The C.V. Mosby Company; St Louis, MO, USA:
    [Google Scholar]
17. Toshniwal R., Silva J., Fekety R., Kim K. H. 1981; Studies on the epidemiology of colitis due to Clostridium difficile in hamsters. Journal of Infectious Diseases 143:51–54
    [Google Scholar]